bio mod 2
From the list provided, select all techniques that are used to analyze DNA for mutations. (Check all that apply.) PCR Gene cloning Karotypes CRISPR Microarray
PCR, CRISPR, Microarray??
Correctly match the following terms to the table below concerning the role of meiosis and mitosis in humans.
SPLIT DOWN HERE Testes ovaries meiosis meiosis spermatogenesis oogenesis sperm egg 23 23 mitosis mitosis 46 46
The overall goal of gene expression is to make a copy of the gene that can be passed on to the next generation. a structural protein that can be used by the cell. mRNA that can be passed on to the next generation. a copy of the gene that can be used by the cell.
a structural protein that can be used by the cell.
Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange. Oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells into the kidney nephrons. Oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells and into the lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells and into the lungs. Both carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse out of red blood cells and into the lungs.
Oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells and into the lungs.
The F1 generation results from the fertilization of __________. P gametes F2 gametes F1 gametes
P gametes
Mendel crossed pea plants dominant for two different traits (tall and green pods) with pea plants recessive for those same two traits (short and yellow pods). This cross resulted in pea plants that had combinations of all four traits (tall with green pods, tall with yellow pods, short with green pods, and short with yellow pods). Which law of inheritance best describes why this happens? The law of independent assortment The law of pedigrees The law of segregation The law of dominance
The law of independent assortment
Which of the following statements best describes the orientation of the two strands of DNA? The two strands of DNA are parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'. The two strands of DNA are parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'.
The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'.
Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell? To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus. To retrieve amino acids and bring them to the ribosome for assembly into a polypeptide. To unpackage and unwind DNA so that enzymes can access the individual genes. To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus.
To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus.
Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes are called __________. chorionic villus sampling (CVS) karyotypes amniocentesis punnett squares
karyotypes
Select all of the following statements that describe the structure of a molecule of DNA. (Check all that apply.) Twisted double helix Single-stranded Contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine Contains deoxyribose sugar Contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
Contains deoxyribose sugar Contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine Twisted double helix
What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides to synthesize the new daughter strand? DNA ligase DNA telomerase DNA helicase DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
When bases of DNA bind to the complementary strand, A always pairs with (Click to select) T or thymine C or cytosine and (Click to select) T or thymine C or cytosine always pairs with G.
T <thymine> ;;; C <cytosine>
Complete the following paragraph to describe the structure of red blood cells. Red blood cells, also called (Click to select) hemoglobin erythrocytes low liquid , are the (Click to select) cellular biconcave large convex component of blood. .....
erythrocytes, cellular oxygen, capillary mature, small bioconcave nucleus, high hemoglobin
In the human life cycle, gametes are formed through the process of ______, and all other cells are formed through the process of ______.
meiosis; mitosis
DNA replication is considered to be ______ because the end product consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand. semiconservative consistant conservative dispersive
semiconservative
Human skin color is an example of __________ since sunlight can cause special cells in the skin called melanocytes to produce melanin, a protective pigment against UV radiation. recessive inheritance codominance multiple genes influence a phenotype incomplete dominance the environment influencing the phenotype
the environment influencing the phenotype
Which of the following statements best describes how a mutation changes the shape of a protein? If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene will never produce a protein that is misfolded. If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene may produce a protein that is misfolded.Correct If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene will always produce a protein that is misfolded.
If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene may produce a protein that is misfolded.
Complete the following chart distinguishing between meiosis and mitosis. Some answers may be used more than once. Complete the following chart distinguishing between meiosis and mitosis. Some answers may be used more than once.
SPLIT DOWN MID HERE 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 diploid haploid
Which of the following are examples of genetic diseases? Select all that apply. Sickle-cell disease Measles west nile cystic fibrosis Flu Lyme Disease
Sickle, Cystic, Lyme
When two alleles for the same trait are equally expressed and neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele, this is an example of __________. codominance incomplete dominance the environment influencing the phenotype recessive inheritance multiple genes influence a phenotype
codominance
Crossing-over produces genetic variation during prophase I of meiosis I. This occurs when random chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. homologous chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. sister chromatids come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. sister chromatids align randomly on the metaphase plate before they are separated.
homologous chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs.
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by __________ bonds between the complementary base pairs between nucleotides of opposing strands.
hydrogen
No matter how simple or complex the life form, the genetic code found in DNA: __________. Select all that apply. provides the instructions to build new cellular components provides the instructions to carry out cellular metabolism is composed of ribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Initiates cell reproduction and the transfer of information from one generation to the next dictates cellular behavior is read to produce sugars, the organic molecules that carry out most of the cells functions
is composed of ribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base provides the instructions to build new cellular components
Transcription starts with RNA polymerase binding to the start of the gene called a/an __________. promoter start codon origin of replication primer
promoter
The hemoglobin molecule is a __________. protein nucleic acid carbohydrate fat
protein
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a genetic disease? It may be passed on from one generation to the next. It is always passed on from one generation to the next. It is caused by a change in the genetic information. It is a change in the genetic information that may be passed on from one generation to the next.
It is a change in the genetic information that may be passed on from one generation to the next.
______ are the basic unit of inheritance that can be passed on from one generation to the next. Genes RNA DNA Proteins
genes
Put the following steps of DNA replication in order. Single-stranded binding proteins keep the double helix separated. DNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary strand. DNA helicase binds to the origin of replication. Primase lays down a segment of nucleotides.
2,4,1,3
Select all of the following that are components of DNA. (Check all that apply.) A deoxyribose sugar A phosphate group The nitrogenous bases thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanineT Ribose sugar Two carbohydrate rings with hydroxide groups attached
A deoxyribose sugar A phosphate group The nitrogenous bases thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine
Sickle crisis requires immediate medical attention. This medical condition is characterized by __________. a decrease in gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries chest pain and shortness of breath All of the answer choices are correct. anemia
All of the answer choices are correct.
From the list provided, select all the functions of the circulatory system. (Check all that apply.) Delivery of oxgen to all cells of the body Delivery of nutrients to all cells of the body Removal of waste from the blood Generating new red blood cells Excretion of urine from the body
Delivery of oxgen to all cells of the body Removal of waste from the blood Generating new red blood cells
A single mutation causes sickle-cell disease. Which of the following statements best describes how this occurs? Three nucleotide mutations cause normal glutamine amino acids to be replaced with valine amino acids. This causes excess hemoglobin proteins to be synthesized, causing red blood cells to swell to the point of bursting, resulting in burst cells that have a sickle-shape. Several nucleotides are removed, which causes the start codon to shift. This results in an incorrect number of amino acids to be incorporated into the hemoglobin protein, leading to the sickle-shaped red blood cells. A single nucleotide mutation causes a normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced with a valine amino acid. This causes the resulting hemoglobin protein to form incorrectly, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot function as intended. The addition of several nucleotides causes the start codon to shift down several places. This causes RNA polymerase to bind in the incorrect spot so that several extra amino acids are included in the polypeptide chain during translation. This results in a hemoglobin protein that is incorrectly formed, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot function as intended.
A single nucleotide mutation causes a normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced with a valine amino acid. This causes the resulting hemoglobin protein to form incorrectly, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot function as intended.
What is/are the main goal(s) for obtaining and testing DNA? To test for the presence of alleles associated with genetic diseases before birth All of the answer choices are correct. To determine if the exact alleles for a disease are present in an individual To study the number of alleles that are present in an unborn child
All of the answer choices are correct.
During DNA replication, the ______ strand is the one being used by the DNA polymerase to provide the new ______ strand of DNA. template; daughter template; parent complementary; daughter daughter; template
template; daughter
Complete the following paragraph to explain the process of DNA replication. a. When examining an adult human body, there are estimates that the body is composed of....
30 trillion, specific Divide, copy nucleus, DNA, Hydrogen template two PCR Genetic disease
Which of the following statements concerning gene is/are true? Select all that apply. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a variation of a given gene. Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. Genes are not responsible for the expression of traits. Allele variations are due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene that sometimes change the structure of a protein and ultimately its function.
A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a variation of a given gene. Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. ????^^^
DNA is packaged into chromosomes to compact the large amount of DNA into each cell. fit within the nucleus of the cell. keep the DNA organized and accessible to the cell. All of the answer choices are correct.
All of the answer choices are correct.
PCR is important because it allows scientists to identify criminals in forensic studies. mimic DNA replication to copy a specific segment of DNA to study. All of the answer choices are correct. track ancestry of organisms.
All of the answer choices are correct.
Sickle-cell disease has a physiological impact on the body because it changes the shape of red blood cells, which decreases the oxygen supply to the tissue. decreases the amount of oxygen picked up by red blood cells from the alveoli. can cause anemia to develop. All of the answer choices are correct.
All of the answer choices are correct.
The information contained in genes is expressed by translating the mRNA into a polypeptide. by folding the polypeptide into a structural protein. All of these are required for gene expression to be complete. through transcribing the DNA segment into mRNA.
All of these are required for gene expression to be complete.
Correctly select the method to treat a genetic disease with its description.
Bone marrow; tradtional occurs outside;; ex vivo occurs inside ;; in vivo A donor has to be identified so tissues may be removed and placed in the individual with sickle cell disease ;; traditional The host cells are removed, cultured via a vector containing the gene of interest, and then reintroduced back into the body;; ex vivo A direct method of inserting the correct genetic material, via a vector, into the body;; in vivo
Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. Select the following traits depending on what type of gamete. a. 23 chromosomes ....
Both Egg Cells Sperm Cells Sperm Cells Egg Cells Both Egg Cells Sperm Cells Sperm Cells Sperm Cells Egg Cells
Complete the following paragraph to describe how hemoglobin is involved in gas exchange.
Carbon Dioxide, Alveoli, Oxyhemoglobin, Aerobic respiration, Carbonic acid, blood
Based on the structure and arrangements of nucleotides in the __________ molecule, the molecule is an information molecule. It stores instructions and is read to produce proteins that direct cellular reproduction, produce new cellular components, and initiate cellular reproduction. RNA DNA proteins ATP lipids
DNA
Linear DNA in the human genome is packaged at several levels. Which of the following represents the levels from least packaged to most packaged? DNA strand, chromosomes, nucleosomes Nucleosomes, DNA strand, chromosomes Chromosomes, nucleosomes, DNA strand DNA strand, nucleosomes, chromosomes
DNA strand, nucleosomes, chromosomes
Complete the following paragraph to explain the structure of DNA.
DNA, FOUR Nucleotide, phosphate group deoxyribose, thymine covalently double helix hydrogen, inside, outside
Complete the following paragraph to explain the structure of DNA. (Click to select) Thymine Amino acids DNA Proteins consist(s) of two long strands composed of ....
DNA, Four Nucleotide, Phosphate group deoxyribose, thymine covalently double helix hydrogen, inside, outside
Which of the following is the main difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy? Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body. Ex vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body. Ex vivo gene therapy uses modified DNA of bacterial viruses, where in vivo gene therapy uses the individual's own cells. Ex vivo gene therapy uses modified DNA of bacterial viruses, where in vivo gene therapy uses donor cells.
Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body.
Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable? Eye color The ability to speak Spanish Calluses on fingers Bleached hair
Eye color
To transcribe something is to make an identical copy, i.e., if the original is DNA, the transcribed copy is also DNA. T/F
False
Complete the following paragraph to describe gene expression. Not all answer choices will be used. ____________ , which are segments of DNA, contain the instructions needed to make ____________ such as proteins or RNA molecules that regulate protein production. ....
Genes, Functional products, protein, regulated, translation, gene expression
Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene? The protein product that genetic material produces Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA A section of DNA that produces a single protein product A collection of polypeptides that fold to form a complex protein
Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule? Hemoglobin is composed of two globin molecules, both with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen. Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules, each of which contains millions of heme groups. Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen. Hemoglobin is composed of three globin molecules and one heme group per hemoglobin molecule.
Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.
Select all the characteristics that make sickle-cell disease a good candidate to study genetic diseases. (Check all that apply.) It is easily identifiable by a physical characteristic. It results from a single change in a single gene. It can be influenced by the environment. The sickle-cell inheritance pattern is not influenced by other genes.
It can be influenced by the environment. It is easily identifiable by a physical characteristic. ???^
What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA replication? It unzips the double-stranded DNA. It breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of the DNA together. It links the gaps between Okasaki fragments in the lagging strand. It matches new bases to the old strand by complementary base-pairing.
It links the gaps between Okasaki fragments in the lagging strand.
Complete the chart by comparing Mitosis below with Meiosis I and II.
SPLIT Pairing of homologus chromo no pairing homologous chromo align on meta chromo align homologous chromo separate sister separate chromo has 2 chromatids chromo has 1 chromatids
Which of the following best describes how the environment may play a role in the expression of our genes? The environment can alter an individual's appearance, but because these changes are temporary and unable to be inherited, they have no impact on the genotype or the expression of that genotype. The environment is not able to alter genes or their physical expressions. Genotypes and phenotypes are both completely independent of environmental changes, unless in the form of mutations. Some phenotypes, including skin color, can be influenced by the environment. The genotype still determines some aspect of skin color, but the interaction with the environment, in the form of sun exposure, can cause variations in the resulting phenotype. All genes are directly influenced by the environment, even if only in minor ways, so the environment will always alter phenotype for all genes.
Some phenotypes, including skin color, can be influenced by the environment. The genotype still determines some aspect of skin color, but the interaction with the environment, in the form of sun exposure, can cause variations in the resulting phenotype.
In genome editing the mutated gene is either replaced with the correct gene or completely removed. T/F
T ?
Sickle-cell anemia limits its effects within the body to the respiratory and circulatory systems. T/F
T ?
Which of the following is the overall goal of PCR? To create several copies of the entire piece of DNA in a tube To create many copies of the entire piece of RNA in a tube To create several copies of a segment of DNA in a tube To make many copies of an RNA segment
To create several copies of a segment of DNA in a tube
Which of the following plays the role of interpreting the genetic information, from the mRNA, into a structural protein that is used by the cell? Transcription DNA replication Translation Protein reading
Translation
DNA is a double helix consisting of two strands orientated in an __________ configuration meaning the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to direction of the other strand.
antiparallel
The nucleotides along one side of a DNA molecule are connected to each other by __________ between phosphate groups and sugar molecules. sugars amino acids covalent bonds proteins hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
There are two different forms of gene therapy depending on where the genetic material is actually introduced into the cells. _____ gene therapy occurs outside the body, and _____ gene therapy occurs inside the body.
ex vivo;in vivo
CRISPR may work to treat sickle-cell disease by targeting and attacking red blood cells that carry faulty hemoglobin molecules, so that new normal red blood cells may take their place. faulty portions of the hemoglobin gene within the genome of cells and removing and replacing those portions with normal sequences of nucleotides. and attacking faulty hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells, so that new normal molecules may take their places. the mRNA produced during the expression of the hemoglobin protein, removing and replacing faulty portions with correct sequences.
faulty portions of the hemoglobin gene within the genome of cells and removing and replacing those portions with normal sequences of nucleotides.
Red blood cells are responsible for __________. transporting water throughout the body gas exchange throughout the body. helping with blood clotting due to injury transporting organic waste out of the body
gas exchange throughout the body.
The process of __________ is when the information contained within the nucleotides of a DNA molecule is expressed as functional product called a protein.
gene expression
A(n) __________ disease is one that is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual. If the abnormality occurs within the gametes, the abnormality can be passed on from one generation to the next. infectious acute genetic communicable refractory
genetic
__________, a four-polypeptide chain protein found in the red blood cells of the circulatory system, plays a crucial role in making sure cells in the body have oxygen they need to perform their functions.
hemoglobin
There are two main forms of non-Mendelian inheritance. In ______, as observed in familial hypercholesterolemia, the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele. In ______, as observed in AB blood type, two dominant alleles are expressed for the same phenotype. codominance; incomplete dominance incomplete dominance; codominance recessive; codominance recessive; dominant
incomplete dominance; codominance
Mendel's experiments led him to the conclusion that individuals have two factors for each trait, which that separate during gamete formation, resulting in gametes with one factor for each trait. In addition, fertilization results in a new individual with two factors for each trait again. He referred to this as the __________. factorial law law of independent assortment law of pedigrees law of segregation
law of segregation
PCR is a technique used in the laboratory to ___. perform transformation experiments in bacteria. make millions of copies of a gene of interest. replace mutated genes of those individuals with genetic diseases. slice the DNA molecule apart and re-attach multiple DNA fragments to each other in a new arrangement.
make millions of copies of a gene of interest.
In gene expression, the goal of translation is to read codons and incorporate corresponding amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain. make a DNA nucleotide sequence from a specific gene. make a new gene that will be passed on to the next generation. make a mRNA nucleotide sequence from a specific gene.
read codons and incorporate corresponding amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain.
For the expression of a recessive trait, a person needs to inherit a dominant allele from both of their parents. recessive allele from one parent and one dominate allele from the other parent. recessive allele from both of their parents.
recessive allele from both of their parents.
Review the following pedigree. The pattern for sickle-cell disease indicates it is a(n) (Click to select) incomplete codominance recessive dominant genetic disease because (Click to select) One Two Three Four copies of the allele must be present in an individual for them to express the disease.
recessive; two
Complete the following sentence: Hemoglobin functions in ______ cells and carries ______ to all cells of the body. bone; calcium neural; neurotransmitters white blood; carbon dioxide red blood; oxygen
red blood; oxygen
In humans, male gametes are called ______, while female gametes are called ______. eggs; sperm pollen; eggs eggs; pollen sperm; eggs
sperm; eggs
During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using an RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain? mRNA tRNA RNA polymerase rRNA
tRNA
Erwin Chargaff's research determined the percentage of the nitrogen bases within a strand of DNA. His work determined that the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of guanine. the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of guanine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of thymine. the concentrations of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are all equal. the concentration of adenine is twice the concentration of thymine and the concentration of cytosine is twice the concentration of guanine.
the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of guanine.
DNA strands are complementary of each other. This means if one strand has an adenine the other has a __________, and if one strand has a guanine the other has a/an __________. cytosine; adenine thymine; cytosine cytosine; thymine guanine; adenine
thymine; cytosine
Complete the following sentences concerning gene expression [ ] converts the genetic information into an intermediary RNA molecule called messenger RNA. ....
transcription; translation
Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means only one copy of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. at least one copy of each recessive allele must be present for each gene involved in sickle-cell disease in order for the disease to be expressed. two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. the environment can alter the expression of recessive genes, meaning any combination of alleles can cause the disease if the right environmental conditions are encountered.
two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed.
For traits to be transmitted and expressed in the next generation will depend on the characteristic of the inherited alleles being dominant or recessive. both parents must pass the gene to the offspring. one parent must pass the gene to the offspring.
will depend on the characteristic of the inherited alleles being dominant or recessive.
Which of the following characteristics are associated with a gene being inheritable? Select all that apply. A trait must be encoded in the genes of our DNA A copy of the trait must be able to pass from one generation to another Inheritance is accomplished by asexual reproduction and the production of somatic cells One copy for every gene in an organism is inherited from each of their parents Knowledge is an example of a inheritable trait
2,3,4?
Review the following statements about mutations. Which of the statements concerning mutations is false? Due to multiple mutations in the hemoglobin gene, these changes prevent the complex hemoglobin protein to fold correctly, resulting in the sickle cell shape of the red blood cells. In genetic diseases, like sickle cell disease, the cell machinery involved in translation does not make any determination as to whether the resulting protein has the correct structure for its function. If there are mutations in a hemoglobin gene, the ribosome in the cell will manufacture the protein using these instructions and will not change the amino acids even if it is incorrect. In sickle cell disease, a single mutation in the hemoglobin gene causes the normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced by a valine amino acid.
Due to multiple mutations in the hemoglobin gene, these changes prevent the complex hemoglobin protein to fold correctly, resulting in the sickle cell shape of the red blood cells.
Review the following statements about genome editing. Which of the statements is false? To repair an incorrect nucleotide sequence, the gene for the disease must be known. By targeting a specific sequence of nucleotides for editing, parts of the genome may be removed and new nucleotides may be inserted at a specific location on the DNA. Genome editing does not have the potential to impact other parts of the body. It only affects the cells targeted by the genome editing mechanism. Genome editing has the ability to repair or replace defective genes without the use of a vector.
Genome editing does not have the potential to impact other parts of the body. It only affects the cells targeted by the genome editing mechanism.
Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. What is the result of this in terms of hemoglobin function? White blood cells begin to pick up hemoglobin molecules instead and this decreases their ability to function in the immune system as intended. Hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells. Hemoglobin has an increased ability to bind to and transport carbon dioxide in red blood cells. Hemoglobin has an increased ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells.
Hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells.
Review the following statements about hemoglobin. Which of the statements is true? Hemoglobin, a monomer globin protein, acts as an enzyme and cleaves off oxygen from the red blood cells and delivers it to cells during the process of cellular respiration. Hemoglobin is a monomer globin protein that transfers oxygen to the muscle cells only. Hemoglobin, a globular protein with an embedded heme group, efficiently binds to oxygen from the lungs and releases it near cells that are performing cellular respiration. Hemoglobin, a globular protein with an embedded heme group, efficiently binds to carbon dioxide from the lungs and releases it near cells that are performing cellular respiration.
Hemoglobin, a globular protein with an embedded heme group, efficiently binds to oxygen from the lungs and releases it near cells that are performing cellular respiration.
______ contain similar genes but often different alleles. After DNA replication, ______ contain identical alleles combinations. Sister chromosomes; homologous chromatids Homologous chromatids; sister chromosomes Sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes Homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids
There are many different methods by which a researcher can determine if an individual has an allele associated with a genetic disease. Correctly match the method with its description.
PCR = copies of a specific genes are made so they may be analyzed to determine if a specific allele is mutated gene cloning= a gene is inserted into a bacteria and the cloned DNA is used to create copies of a gene and locate a mutation genetic marker= a gene with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify a mutation due to some variation at the genomic loci DNA sequencing= the process of deterring the exact nucleic acid sequence in the gene of interest and determine if some variation is seen in the nucleic acid <word>
The polymerase chain reaction is a lab procedure that mimics the cellular process of DNA replication. Below is a list of characteristics used to describe the process. Determine which characteristics are similar to DNA replication and which characteristics are different.
PCR: template strand is required ;;; spare nucleotides ;;; DNA polymerase enzyme Difference with DNA: Leading and lagging strands;;;; enzyme helicase;;;;; temperature cycle to case denaturing and annealing of DNA strands;;;;; Specific DNA sequences are copied and not the entire genome
Which of the following statements concerning DNA replication is/are true? Select all that apply. Starting off as a single cell with a combination of genetic information from both parents, copies of DNA are passed on from cell to cell in the bodies of multicellular organisms. Each of the parental strands of DNA acts as a template for the construction of a new daughter strand There is complementary base pairing between the DNA strands: a cytosine on one strand is paired to guanine on the other side, resulting in daughter strands that are complementary to the template strand. Cells make copies of the genetic information while they are dividing and pass on a single strand of DNA to the new daughter cells. The appropriate adjective to describe DNA replication is semiconservative since after replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Starting off as a single cell with a combination of genetic information from both parents, copies of DNA are passed on from cell to cell in the bodies of multicellular organisms. Each of the parental strands of DNA acts as a template for the construction of a new daughter strand. There is complementary base pairing between the DNA strands: an adenine on one strand is paired to uracil on the other side, resulting in daughter strands that are complementary to the template strand. There is complementary base pairing between the DNA strands: a cytosine on one strand is paired to guanine on the other side, resulting in daughter strands that are complementary to the template strand. ????^^^
Which of the following statements concerning the basic characteristics of a gene is false? Genes contain information that produce a product. There are genes that produce molecules that regulate when and where these genes may be functional in the body. The majority of genes contain information to code for physical traits. There are genes associated with physical traits such as eye color or freckles. There are genes associated with metabolic traits that produce enzymes that are used to digest food, transport oxygen, and run the nervous systems.
The majority of genes contain information to code for physical traits.
You are given an assignment to identify a pair of human sex chromosomes from a karotype. How would you differentiate the sex chromosomes from the autosomal chromosomes? The sex chromosomes will be labeled XX or XY. The sex chromosomes are always the same length and longer than all other pairs of chromosomes on the karyotype. The sex chromosomes always contain different lengths. One chromosome is shorter than the other. The sex chromosomes are always the same length and shorter than all other pairs of chromosomes on the karyotype.
The sex chromosomes will be labeled XX or XY.
In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously, and the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. The synthesis of the lagging strand relies on the formation of Okasaki fragments. t/f
True
Two parents with Type A and Type B blood have a child with Type AB blood. How is this possible? Type A blood is co-recessive with Type B blood, so as long as there is not a dominant blood type present, both recessive alleles will be expressed equally. Type A blood is incompletely dominant to Type B blood. This means that individuals with alleles for both Type A and Type B will express a blended intermediate between these two blood types. This is not possible. The child cannot be their biological child. Type A blood is codominant with Type B blood, so both alleles are expressed equally.
Type A blood is codominant with Type B blood, so both alleles are expressed equally.
Meiosis is different from mitosis in that meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically identical, whereas mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse. two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical, whereas mitosis results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse. four haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse, whereas mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical. two diploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse, whereas mitosis results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically identical.
four haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse, whereas mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical.
