BIO study

oxidative phosphorylation.

Cellular respiration produces the most energy in the form of ATP from

mitochondria.

Cyanide binds and impairs one of the molecules involved in the synthesis of ATP. The target organelle for cyanide must be

signal

Diabetics can be given insulin that binds to receptors on cells throughout the body increasing glucose uptake. Insulin is an example of a

true

Diffusion is the movement of a molecule from an area of high to low concentration.

pyruvate

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into

are insoluble in water.

Fats and fatty acids

gap junctions

For heart muscles to beat in a coordinated rhythm ions must move from one cell to the next through ________.

both energy must be supplied and hydrogen bonds broken.

For water to vaporize

plasmodesmata

Gap junctions in animal cells are most similar to ________ in plant cells?

endergonic

After ATP donates a phosphate group in a couple reaction, it becomes ADP. The ADP can be converted back to ATP in a(an) ________ reaction.

a dehydration reaction between monosaccharides that form polysaccharides and disaccharides.

Carbohydrate assembly occurs by

growth in response to the force of gravity.

Gravitropism is defined as:

Phagocytosis

How does a macrophage (immune cell) consume a bacteria?

It lowers the activation energy of a reaction.

How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?

an acidic solution.

If orange juice has a pH of 4 then it can be described as

visible light, because it has low energy wavelengths

If you wanted to install lights to grow plants indoors, the type of light would you want to use is __________.

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, base

If you were asked to build a model of a nucleotide, what structures would you need to represent in the model?

Day-neutral plants.

In Barrow, Alaska, the sun does not set for several months in the summer. Based on what you know about photoperiodism, what type of plant is most likely to flower during the summer in Barrow?

false

In prokaryotic cells, the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria.

differ in their number of neutrons.

Isotopes are different forms of the same element that

proteins.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells that produce

true

Lipids and carbohydrates can both be used by animals to store energy.

false

Metabolism refers to only those reactions that release energy.

atoms

Molecules are made up of __________.

false

Saturated fats are composed of fatty acids with several double bonded carbons.

primary

Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which red blood cells exhibit a characteristic "sickle" shape. This arises from a mutation or change in one of the amino acids found in hemoglobin. A single amino acid mutation would directly affect a protein's _______ structure.

Steroid

Subunits (monomers) sometimes build up to form a macromolecule (polymer). Which of the listed molecules is NOT a monomer of a polymer?

False

Table salt forms from sodium and chloride via hydrogen bonding.

oil

The LEAST hydrophilic substance is

both the release of H+ and a decrease in pH.

The addition of a strong acid like HCl to an aqueous solution would result in

the number of protons in the atom.

The atomic number of an atom is

semifluid with lipid rafts.

The best way to describe cellular membranes is

Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates.

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible. Predict what would happen to fatty acids as a result of this.

Cell respiration

The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + heat), describes what process?

Carbon forms up to 4 covalent bonds.

The formation of the complex molecules in living organisms is made possible by what property of carbon?

taxonomy.

The grouping or classification of species is termed

stomata

The main structure for gas exchange in plants is called the __________.

symporter

The movement of sucrose and H+ into the cell by the same membrane protein reflects the actions of what type of transporter?

nucleoid

The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.

endoplasmic reticulum.

The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the

photoautotrophs

The organisms that most specifically utilize light energy to make organic molecules from inorganic molecules are __________.

biological evolution.

The phenomenon through which populations of organisms change over several generations is termed

side chain or R-group.

The portion of an amino acid that makes it unique among the 20 different amino acids is its

true

The presence of integral proteins allows membranes to be selectively permeable to certain molecules.

reduce the energy of activation and increase the rate of a reaction.

The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to

true

The primary structure of a protein ultimately determines its three-dimensional structure.

cell communication

The process through which cells can detect and respond to signals in their extracellular environment is called

covalent bonds

The strongest chemical bonds are

Linear structure of a fatty acid causes solid formation at room temperature.

The structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats causes what type of change at room temperature?

sun

The ultimate source of energy for reactions in a plant is __________.

has cohesive properties.

Water

The polar and nonpolar regions create an amphipathic bilayer of phospholipids.

What makes phospholipids good at forming cellular membranes?

Glycolysis

What processes will occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?

Fats have long chains of C-H bonds, which store large amounts of energy.

What structural component makes fat an efficient macromolecule able to store large amounts of energy?

protein

What structure best represents a polymer?

Cell wall Golgi apparatus Chloeroplast

What structure easily distinguishes a plant cell from an animal or bacterial cell?

accepts electrons in the light reaction, it is reduced to form NADPH

When NADP+ __________.

double covalent bond.

When one oxygen atom shares two pairs of electrons with another oxygen atom, O2 is formed via a(n)

hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the middle, and hydrophilic head groups facing the water.

When placed in an aqueous solution, amphipathic molecules will orient themselves with

True

When table salt dissolves in water, the salt is called the solute.

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Where are the protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain located?

Chloroplast stroma

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

true

Whether a signaling molecule operates locally or over long distances, it must bind to a specific receptor to elicit a cellular response.

homeostasis.

Whether the external temperature is hot or cold, birds maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 40°C. This is an example of

Glycogen

Which is not a lipid?

polysaccharide

Which is the largest molecule?

cell

Which level of organization is common to all life forms?

CO2, light, water vapor, gravity

Which of the following are physical stimuli that influence plant responses?

NADP+ Pi ADP Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Which of the following are products of the Calvin cycle?

C-G A-T

Which of the following correctly describes bases that pair with each other in the DNA double helix?

Heterotrophs

Which of these organisms consume organic molecules to live?

has eight electrons & can readily form bonds with 2 other atoms

With an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8, it follows that oxygen __________.

-DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases. -DNA will have a double-stranded structure.

You are given two nucleic acids; one RNA and the other DNA. What are the main features to determine which is the DNA?

Cellulose

________ is a polymer of glucose.

autocrine signaling

A cell responds to a signal it sent. This is an example of

autocrine signaling

A cell secretes a growth factor that binds to receptors on its own membrane preventing it from proliferating. This is an example of

ecosystem.

A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment is a/an

both generate ATP via a H+ electrochemical gradient

A comparison of mitochondria and chloroplast shows that __________.

is used to form polymers.

A dehydration reaction

produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide

A plant performing photosynthesis will __________.

limit major shifts in the amount of H+ and OH- in solution.

A significant role played by pH buffers is to

vertical descent with mutation

A variety of finch species within the Hawaiian Islands have acquired different types of beaks needed for utilizing specific food resources. What is the likely process by which these different species of finches came about?

population

Boa constrictors on an island are an example of a/an __________.

The products because this is an exergonic reaction.

In the equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, ATP and heat would be on which side of the reaction?

atomic mass.

In the periodic table, the value that refers to the number of protons and neutrons is

horizontal gene transfer.

In the process of biological evolution, new species may evolve through exchange of genes from one species to another. This process is called

molecule A is oxidized and molecule B is reduced.

In the reaction A- + B → A + B-, ________

pyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced.

In the reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ → acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH,

Ionic

In water, MgCl2 dissociates into Mg2+ and Cl-. Based on this information what type of bond is involved in the formation of MgCl2?

Genus

Our species is called Homo sapiens. The first word refers to which taxonomical grouping?

true

Photons from light can boost an electron to a higher energy state.