Bio test 2
You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy? Multiple Choice glycolysis photosynthesis and the citric acid cycle glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain photosynthesis glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
glycolysis
For Mendel's law of segregation to occur, the alleles must be Multiple Choice at different loci on the same chromosome. on a nonhomologous pair of chromosomes. on different loci on different chromosomes. at the same loci on the same chromosome. on a homologous pair of chromosome at the same loci.
on a homologous pair of chromosome at the same loci.
The carriers of the electron transport chain are located Multiple Choice within the intermembrane space. within the cytoplasm of the cell. on the cristae of the mitochondria. on the outer mitochondrial membrane. in the matrix of the mitochondria.
on the cristae of the mitochondria.
When creating transgenic organisms, one major difference between plants and animals is that Multiple Choice any cell may be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants. only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants. only embryos can be used to create transgenic animals, while eggs must be used to create transgenic plants. only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while embryos can be used for transgenic plants.
only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants.
f T = tall and t = short in plants, the genotype of a short plant would be Multiple Choice either TT or Tt. either Tt or tt. only tt. TT, Tt, or tt. only TT.
only tt.
Which of the following procedures would most likely be used to identify a specific individual? Multiple Choice DNA cloning polymerase chain reaction transgenic DNA genetic engineering DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting
During the process of transcription, the information in RNA is converted into DNA. DNA is converted into RNA. RNA is converted into a protein. a protein is converted into RNA. DNA is converted into a protein.
DNA is converted into RNA.
What is the role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology? Multiple Choice DNA ligase forms the plasmids that are used as vectors. DNA ligase acts as molecular scissors, cutting DNA apart at specific locations. DNA ligase cleaves the vector DNA. DNA ligase makes the bacterial cell more permeable to vector. DNA ligase seals DNA into an opening created by a restriction enzyme.
DNA ligase seals DNA into an opening created by a restriction enzyme.
Which of the following describes the flow of information in protein synthesis? Multiple Choice DNA → RNA → protein RNA → protein → DNA protein → RNA → DNA DNA → protein → RNA RNA → DNA → protein
DNA → RNA → protein
A reaction is only considered an oxidation reaction when oxygen is involved. True or False
False
Gasoline engines use energy more efficiently than cells. True or False
False
Glycolysis is linked to the citric acid cycle when oxygen is not available. True or False
False
In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions follow the Calvin cycle reactions. True or False
False
The final product of glycolysis is carbon dioxide. True or False
False
What are the products of photosynthesis? Multiple Choice oxygen and carbohydrate water and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and carbohydrate water and oxygen carbohydrate and water
oxygen and carbohydrate
The final acceptor for electrons in aerobic cellular respiration is Multiple Choice pyruvate. glucose. CoA. oxygen. carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
An individual's physical characteristics, or microscopic and metabolic characteristics, are known as their Multiple Choice traits. phenotype. genotype. pedigree. alleles.
phenotype.
Tay-Sachs is a recessive genetic disease in humans. If one parent is homozygous normal and the other is a carrier (heterozygous), what are the chances that their child will have this disease? Multiple Choice 75% 0% 25% 50% 100%
0%
Each turn of of the citric acid cycle directly produces how many ATP? Multiple Choice 2 14 16 1 12
1
An acetyl group contains how many carbons? Multiple Choice one four six three two
2
For the complete respiration of one molecule of glucose, the citric acid cycle must turn a total of Multiple Choice one time. three times. six times. four times. two times.
2
How many alleles are required to express a monohybrid trait? Multiple Choice 3 4 5 2 1
2
How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis? How many carbons are found in the resulting molecules? Multiple Choice 3 molecules, each with 2 carbons 6 molecules, each with 2 carbons 4 molecules, each with 3 carbons 2 molecules, each with 3 carbons 3 molecules, each with 4 carbons
2 molecules, each with 3 carbons
The final products of glycolysis are Multiple Choice 1 pyruvate and 2 NADH + H+. 1 pyruvate and 2 ATP. 2 ATP and 2 NADH + H+. 2 pyruvate. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H+.
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H+.Correct
hat genotypic ratio would result from a cross between two individuals who are both heterozygous for a trait? Multiple Choice 25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous 100% homozygous recessive 50% homozygous dominant, 50% homozygous recessive 100% homozygous dominant
25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive
How many NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle per turn? Multiple Choice four two three one six
3
How many bases on a DNA molecule equal one codon? Multiple Choice 3 4 1 2 20
3
How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose molecule via cellular respiration? Multiple Choice 58% less than 10% 100% 20% 39%
39%
In humans, widow's peak (W) is dominant over straight hairline (w). If a heterozygous male marries a female with a straight hairline, what percent of their children can be expected to have widow's peak? Multiple Choice The answer cannot be determined by the information given. 25% 50% 100% 0%
50%
Why is ATP used as the energy molecule of the cell? Multiple Choice ATP can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water. ATP contains large amounts of energy so at least some of it can be used by the cell. ATP is easy to synthesize within the cell. ATP is stored inside the cell where it is readily available whenever needed. ATP contains just about the amount of energy required for most cellular reactions.
ATP contains just about the amount of energy required for most cellular reactions.
During translation, which of the following is involved in translation? Multiple Choice mRNA tRNA rRNA ribosome All of the answer choices are involved in translation.
All of the answer choices are involved in translation.
Which of the following is true according to Mendel's law of segregation? Multiple Choice Each individual contains two alleles for each trait. Fertilization restores the presence of two alleles. Alleles separate from each other during gamete formation. Each gamete contains one copy of each allele. All of the answer choices are true about Mendel's law of segregation.
All of the answer choices are true about Mendel's law of segregation.
Which of the following is used in the production of recombinant DNA (rDNA)? Multiple Choice vectors restriction enzymes DNA ligase plasmids All of the answer choices are used in the production of recombinant DNA.
All of the answer choices are used in the production of recombinant DNA.
DNA fingerprinting can be used for which of the following? Multiple Choice determining a predisposition to cancer forensic analysis All of the answer choices are uses of DNA fingerprinting. paternity tests authenticating Super Bowl footballs
All of the answer choices are uses of DNA fingerprinting.
Which of the following are benefits of sequencing the human genome? Multiple Choice Knowing the exact sequence of DNA in an individual could allow pharmaceutical companies to design drugs for their exact genotype. Determining individuals who have a predisposing factor that could lead to future illness could allow for earlier treatment. Sequencing technology will allow the genomes of other species to be more readily sequenced. All of the answer choices describe benefits associated with sequencing the human genome.
All of the answer choices describe benefits associated with sequencing the human genome.
Restriction enzymes Multiple Choice exist in bacteria to restrict the growth of viruses. cut double-stranded DNA at specific sites. produce "sticky ends" that can bind foreign DNA. facilitate inserting foreign DNA into vector DNA. All of the answer choices describe restriction enzymes.
All of the answer choices describe restriction enzymes.
In humans, brown eyes (B) are a simple dominant trait over blue eyes (b). What is the genotype of a brown-eyed woman who has a blue-eyed child? Multiple Choice BbBb BBB BB bb Bb
Bb
The hereditary material found in all cells is Multiple Choice ATP. mRNA. rRNA. DNA. tRNA.
DNA
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? Multiple Choice a. Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules. b. Glycolysis occurs twice per glucose molecule. c. Glycolysis results in the release of carbon dioxide. d. Glycolysis is a cyclical reaction. e. Glycolysis is a reduction reaction where only glucose is reduced.
Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.
Which of the following describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration? Multiple Choice It is a product of the citric acid cycle. It is a product of glycolysis. It accepts two electrons plus a hydrogen ion. It is oxidized. It provides the energy for the reaction.
It accepts two electrons plus a hydrogen ion.
What role does NAD+ play in cellular respiration? Multiple Choice It provides the energy. It is an electron carrier. It produces the ATP. It is an enzyme. It provides the oxygen.
It is an electron carrier.
Which is a correct statement about the preparatory reaction? Multiple Choice Pyruvate is converted to lactate. The reaction occurs once per glucose molecule. It connects glycolysis directly to the electron transport chain. NAD+ goes to NADH + H+ as acetyl-CoA forms. O2 is given off.
NAD+ goes to NADH + H+ as acetyl-CoA forms.
Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice The aerobic respiration of glucose has one phase. The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate. The end product of glycolysis is acetyl CoA. Aerobic respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. NADH2 will eventually produce three ATP molecules.
NADH2 will eventually produce three ATP molecules.
Which coenzyme is involved in the light reactions? Multiple Choice NADP+ FAD both NAD+ and FAD NAD+ both FAD and NADP+
NADP+
Which statement about producers and/or consumers is true? Multiple Choice a. Producers produce more food than they use. b. Consumers are not dependent upon other organisms for food. c. All animals must be either producers or consumers. d. Only one species of producer and consumer can exist in any single community. e. Consumers not only feed themselves but also feed producers.
Producers produce more food than they use.
Which of the following is an autotroph? Multiple Choice hawk turtle yeast algae fish
algae
If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences? Multiple Choice UUCGUU UTCGTU TTCGTT AAGCAA TTCGTG
TTCGTT
Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? Multiple Choice Their 3-D shape can vary and still be active. They can associate with a wide variety of substrates. They catalyze only one specific type of reaction. Boiling temperatures do not affect their activity. They are unaffected by changes in pH.
They catalyze only one specific type of reaction.
Why are plant leaves green? Multiple Choice They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light. They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light. They reflect green wavelengths of light. They reflect yellow and blue wavelengths of light. They absorb only green wavelengths of light.
They reflect green wavelengths of light.
Transgenic crop plants have been created for which of the following reasons? Multiple Choice to create plants that are resistant to herbicides to increase productivity Transgenic plants have been produced to do all of the things listed. to increase resistance to insect damage to produce human hormones or antibodies
Transgenic plants have been produced to do all of the things listed.
At the base of most food chains are autotrophs. true or false
True
Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose. True or False
True
There is an inverse relationship between wavelength of light and amount of energy. True or False
True
Visible light has more energy than radio waves. True or False
True
Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of Multiple Choice UUUGUUGAA. CCCACCTCC. AAACAACTT. TTTGAAGCC. GGGAGAACC.
UUUGUUGAA.
The molecule that is found at the beginning and end of the citric acid cycle is Multiple Choice pyruvate. glucose. a C4 molecule. lactate. RuBP.
a C4 molecule.
Which of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration? Multiple Choice ATP water carbon dioxide glucose energy
glucose
To what does the term grana refer? Multiple Choice the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids the double membrane of the chloroplast a stack of thylakoid membranes a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
a stack of thylakoid membranes
A nucleotide contains Multiple Choice RNA, protein, and lipids. a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base. complementary purines and pyrimidines. a sugar and a phosphate. DNA and RNA.
a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base.
Mendel carried out most of his research with: a. pea plants. b. fruit flies. c. livestock. d. bacteria. e. guinea pigs.
a. pea plants.
When human DNA is inserted into a bacterial plasmid, the resulting bacterium will: a. produce the products of the gene that has been inserted into the bacteria. b. be placed into a vaccine and used to fight off viruses that attack humans. c. produce restriction enzymes that will help fight off viruses that attack humans. d. be used to create DNA to insert the human genome. e. be used to study the evolutionary relationship between humans and bacteria.
a. produce the products of the gene that has been inserted into the bacteria.
Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA), and CO2 is given off. This phase is called Multiple Choice a. the preparatory reaction. b. the electron transport chain. c. substrate-level ATP synthesis. d. the citric acid cycle. e. fermentation.
a. the preparatory reaction.
The reason that deciduous leaves turn bright colors in the fall is Multiple Choice a. when chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments become visible. b. chlorophyll is converted into bright carotenoid pigments. c. it is a chemical reaction involving the formation of ice crystals. d. a shift in the reflectance values of light is caused by the sun being lower in the sky; all leaf pigments actually remain the same. e. bright pigments are shifted from the roots and stem to the leaves while sugars and chlorophyll are pumped down to the roots.
a. when chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments become visible.
Messenger RNA is produced in the Multiple Choice endoplasmic reticulum. cytoplasm. nucleus. lysosome. ribosomes.
nucleus
The alternate forms of a gene for the same trait are known as Multiple Choice phenotypes. alleles. codominants. genotypes. incomplete dominants.
alleles.
The main function of stomata is to Multiple Choice expose the chlorophyll to sunlight. allow passage of CO2 and O2 into the leaf. store glucose. transport water to the chlorophyll. store pyruvate and provide the site of the Calvin cycle.
allow passage of CO2 and O2 into the leaf.
Gene mutations are Multiple Choice alterations to cell cycle. always deleterious. alterations in the normal sequence of bases within a gene. radiation-induced changes only. always beneficial.
alterations in the normal sequence of bases within a gene.
What part of a tRNA molecule will base pair with the codon of a mRNA molecule? Multiple Choice anticodon amino acid promoter site amino acid binding site DNA sequence
anticodon
Due to a recessively inherited trait, some plants fail to produce chlorophyll and therefore are white rather than green. If we locate a pea plant that is heterozygous for this trait, self-pollinate it, harvest the seeds, and then plant the seeds, what are the likely phenotypes of the resulting offspring? Multiple Choice approximately 1/4 white and 3/4 green approximately 1/4 green and 3/4 white 100% white approximately 1/2 green and 1/2 white 100% green
approximately 1/4 white and 3/4 green
Mendel's law of segregation implies that the two members of an allele pair Multiple Choice a. are segregated pairwise. b. are assorted dependently. c. must always code for the identical trait or feature. d. are distributed to separate gametes. e. are distributed to the same gamete.
are distributed to separate gametes.
Which of the following reactions is part of the cellular respiration pathway? Multiple Choice a. citric acid cycle b. All of the answer choices are part of the cellular respiration pathway. c. preparatory reaction (prep) d. glycolysis e. electron transport chain
b. All of the answer choices are part of the cellular respiration pathway.
In cellular respiration, what is the relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) and products (CO2 and H2O)? a. There is no relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) and the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O). b. The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must be greater than the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O). c. There is no relationship between O2 and H2O, but the energy content of glucose is less than that of CO2. d. The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must be less than the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O). e. The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must equal the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).
b. The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must be greater than the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).
f we developed a molecule that blocked the ATP channel protein, what would be the first immediate effect? Multiple Choice a. reversal of the hydrogen ion gradient b. accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrix c. immediate blockage of the cytochrome molecules d. accumulation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix e. no energy to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
b. accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrix
If an enzymatic reaction was controlled by feedback inhibition, we would expect it to stop: a. when the product changed the pH. b. as soon as a critical level of end product builds up. c. only if a metabolic poison is added. d. only if the substrate was exhausted. e. when the cofactors are exhausted.
b. as soon as a critical level of end product builds up.
Which of the following is true about DNA? Multiple Choice a. is single stranded b. forms a helix c. contains adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine d. transfers messages to the ribosomes e. contains the sugar ribose
b. forms a helix
The genetic makeup of an individual is also known as their a. factors. b. genotype. c. phenotype. d. loci.
b. genotype.
Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color? Multiple Choice black orange red green white
black
he metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Multiple Choice involve oxidation reactions during respiration and reduction reactions during photosynthesis. both involve oxidation and reduction reactions. are exactly the same. involve the same substrates and therefore the same enzymes. involve oxidation reactions during photosynthesis and reduction reactions during respiration.
both involve oxidation and reduction reactions.
Which stage(s) will produce carbon dioxide in cellular respiration? Multiple Choice preparatory reaction both the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle both glycolysis and the electron transport chain citric acid cycle glycolysis
both the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle PC
During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme? Multiple Choice a. The enzyme and the substrate form a permanent complex. b. It becomes the product. c. The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex. d. It is used up. e. It becomes the substrate.
c. The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex.
Cellular respiration is organized into four phases so that a. oxidation can occur without reduction. b. most of the energy can be released as body heat. c. the energy within the glucose molecule can be released in a stepwise fashion. d. the body can make energy from different substrates. e. it can take place within different cells.
c. the energy within the glucose molecule can be released in a stepwise fashion.
Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration? Multiple Choice pyruvate and water lactate and carbon dioxide pyruvate and carbon dioxide pyruvate and oxygen carbon dioxide and water
carbon dioxide and water
The raw materials or reactants of photosynthesis include Multiple Choice carbon dioxide and oxygen. carbon dioxide and water. glucose and water. carbon dioxide and glucose. glucose and oxygen.
carbon dioxide and water.
The function of transfer RNA is to Multiple Choice a. transmit coded information to the cytoplasm. b. act as the site for protein synthesis. c. turn DNA on and off. d. transfer nucleotides to the nucleus. e. carry amino acids to ribosomes.
carry amino acids to ribosomes.
The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 38 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O represents which cellular process? Multiple Choice electron transport system photosynthesis glycolysis cellular respiration citric acid cycle
cellular respiration
Which of the following will increase enzyme activity? Multiple Choice alter the substrate increase the temperature to boiling change to optimum pH for the reaction decrease the temperature decrease the concentration of the enzyme
change to optimum pH for the reaction
he production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called Multiple Choice glycolysis. deamination. oxidative phosphorylation. chemiosmosis. substrate-level phosphorylation.
chemiosmosis.
Which of the following is a substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis? Multiple Choice pyruvate water RuBP chlorophyll glucose
chlorophyll
The red maple tree cannot photosynthesize because it is not green. true or false
false
Which two organelles are most directly involved in the flow of energy from the sun through all living things? Multiple Choice lysosomes and chloroplasts ribosomes and Golgi apparatus chloroplasts and mitochondria mitochondria and ribosomes Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
chloroplasts and mitochondria
A gene is physically located on a(n) Multiple Choice chromosome. enzyme. transfer RNA. nucleus. protein.
chromosome
Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH2, and carbon dioxide? glycolysis citric acid cycle electron transport chain preparatory reaction photosynthesis
citric acid cycle
The ATP synthase complex is located in the Multiple Choice matrix inside the mitochondria. outer membrane of the mitochondria. cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. plasma membrane of the cell. cristae of the mitochondria.
cristae of the mitochondria.
Where does glycolysis take place within the cell? Multiple Choice mitochondrial membrane endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial matrix cytoplasm nucleus
cytoplasm
Which is true about energy of activation? Multiple Choice a. The energy of activation is always lower than the energy of the reactant. b. Energy of activation is measured as the energy that is released after a reaction occurs. c. In any one metabolic pathway, all steps will have the same energy of activation. d. Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation. e. Energy of activation is the difference between the energy of the reactant and the energy of the product.
d. Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
Which of the following is a concern over the use of genetically engineered corn? a. resistance among populations of certain pests b. genetic exchange between engineered plants and related species c. impact of engineered plants on nontarget plant species presence of allergens d. All of the answer choices describe concerns over the use of genetically engineered corn.
d. All of the answer choices describe concerns over the use of genetically engineered corn.
Why would goats and cattle be used in gene pharming? Multiple Choice a. There are more goats and cows than any other type of farm animal. b. It is easier to create recombinant DNA in these two farm animals than it is in other types. c. Goats and cattle are the easiest farm animals to clone. d. The diagnostic and therapeutic proteins produced can be passed to humans who consume their meat. e. Therapeutic and diagnostic proteins are produced in the milk of goats and cows and can be harvested for use.
d. Therapeutic and diagnostic proteins are produced in the milk of goats and cows and can be harvested for use.
Heterotrophs: a. None of the answer choices are characteristic of heterotrophs. b. are also called autotrophs. c. are the origin of all food for the rest of the living world. d. are ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by producers. e. have the ability to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
d. are ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by producers.
Which of the following is a true statement about the genetic code? Multiple Choice a. The genetic code is composed triplet codes. b. The genetic code produces 64 different possibilities of codon sequences. c .Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. d. The genetic code contains start and stop codons. e. All of the answer choices are true of the genetic code.
e. All of the answer choices are true of the genetic code.
Uses for transgenic bacteria include a. bioremediation, when bacteria are used to clean up oil spills or other toxic substances. b. the production of organic chemicals, such as phenylalanine, used in the production of aspartame. c. the production of chemicals toxic to insects that can be used to protect plants from insects. d. the production of human growth hormones. e. All of the answer choices describe uses of transgenic bacteria.
e. All of the answer choices describe uses of transgenic bacteria.
Which of the following is true about RNA? Multiple Choice a. It contains deoxyribose sugar. b. The bases are complementary to each other. c. The bases are held together by hydrogen bonds. d. The structure is a double helix. e. It is composed of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
e. It is composed of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
Which of the following statements is true concerning sunlight radiation used for photosynthesis? a. All of the visible light is used for photosynthesis. b. All of the sunlight that hits the atmosphere is used for photosynthesis. c. Only the green visible light is used for photosynthesis. d. Only the highest energy wavelengths are used for photosynthesis. e. Only the red, blue, and violet wavelengths of visible light are used for photosynthesis.
e. Only the red, blue, and violet wavelengths of visible light are used for photosynthesis.
Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA: a. attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acids. b. contains anticodons that become codons. c. must first undergo replication. d. adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesis. e. serves as a template for the production of mRNA.
e. serves as a template for the production of mRNA.
Gene pharming is Multiple Choice a. the use of bacterial DNA to impart drug resistance to plants. b. the creation of crop plants to replace the use of farm animals as a source of protein. c. the creation of new genes to be implanted in farm animals. d. the application of genetic principles to breeding farm animals. e. the use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals.
e. the use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals.
Which of the following pathways produces of the majority of ATP? Multiple Choice electron transport chain citric acid cycle preparatory reaction (prep) Calvin cycle glycolysis
electron transport chain
he largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration? Multiple Choice electron transport chain glycolysis citric acid cycle Calvin cycle preparation reaction
electron transport chain
ydrangeas are flowering plants with large, showy blooms. When the plant is grown in alkaline soil, the flowers are pink. When the plant is grown in acidic soil, the flowers turn blue. This change is phenotype is an example of Multiple Choice epistatic interaction. incomplete dominance. codominance. environmental influence. polygenic inheritance.
environmental influence.
In the determination of eye color, the HERC2 gene overrides the instructions of the OCA2 gene. If individuals are homozygous for a recessive allele of HERC2, they will have blue eyes regardless of the genotype associated with OCA2. This is an example of Multiple Choice incomplete dominance. codominance. epistatic interactions. a two-trait cross. homologous chromosomes.
epistatic interactions.
What part of the mRNA contain(s) the information for the structure of the protein? Multiple Choice introns promoter ribosomes exons nucleoli
exons
The most efficient method to produce ATP in animal cells is by glycolysis. true or false
false
Which of the following uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based on their length? Multiple Choice gel electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction DNA digestion transgenics DNA cloning
gel electrophoresis
The treatment of a disorder by inserting genetic material into an organism is called Multiple Choice chorionic villi sampling. karyotyping. gene therapy. amniocentesis. genetic profiling.
gene therapy.
Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in Multiple Choice producing new types of high-yield beef. creating pest-resistant versions of corn. producing high-yield tomato plants. cleaning up oil spills. generating pharmaceuticals.
generating pharmaceuticals.
Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water? Multiple Choice electron transport chain glycolysis and electron transport chain glycolysis citric acid cycle and electron transport chain citric acid cycle
glycolysis and electron transport chain GE
What is the correct order of phases in cellular respiration? Multiple Choice glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle electron transport chain, glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle glycolysis, citric acid cycle, prep reaction, electron transport chain citric acid cycle, prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain
glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain GPCE
What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H+? Multiple Choice citric acid cycle glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle glycolysis and preparatory reaction glycolysis preparatory reaction
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle all 3
We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur? Multiple Choice green indigo red blue white
green
Enzymes have "specificity." This means that they Multiple Choice are only in certain cells. have a particular substrate. require ATP and cofactors in order to work properly. have a preferred temperature. have a preferred pH.
have a particular substrate.
Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes Multiple Choice decrease the productivity of the cell. increase the energy of activation. are named for their substrate. have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates. always require coenzymes.
have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
In which kind of monohybrid cross would you expect to find a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 among the offspring? Multiple Choice homozygous recessive × homozygous dominant homozygous recessive × homozygous recessive heterozygous × heterozygous homozygous dominant × homozygous dominant homozygous dominant × heterozygous
heterozygous × heterozygous
You have two true-breeding rose bushes, one with red flowers and one with white flowers. A cross between these two roses yields a bush with pink flowers. The pink flower color is an example of Multiple Choice epistatic interaction. codominance. polygenic inheritance. incomplete dominance. environmental effects.
incomplete dominance.
The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is Multiple Choice initiation → elongation → termination. elongation → termination → initiation. elongation → initiation → termination. initiation → termination → elongation. termination → elongation → initiation.
initiation → elongation → termination. IET
Which part of a mRNA molecule is edited out? Multiple Choice transposons. promoters. introns. exons. inducers.
introns.
Glycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain because Multiple Choice a. it produces more ATP than do the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. b. it has an older fossil record. c. it is found in all living organisms. d. it occurs inside the mitochondria. e. the process is found in all primitive bacteria but lacking in many advanced organisms.
it is found in all living organisms.
Gene therapy is increasingly relied upon as a part of cancer treatment because Multiple Choice it produces radioactive isotopes that can be used to trace the locations of cancer in the body which makes treatment easier. it helps cells to produce their own anticancer drugs. it make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy, while making tumor cells more sensitive. All of the answer choices are correct. it helps the patient's immune system recognize mutations and destroy them.
it make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy, while making tumor cells more sensitive.
In which plant structure does photosynthesis primarily occur? Multiple Choice leaf petiole root bark stem
leaf
What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis? Multiple Choice electron transport chain, light reactions Calvin cycle, citric acid cycle glycolysis, citric acid cycle light reactions, glycolysis light reactions, Calvin cycle
light reactions, Calvin cycle
Which of the following molecules is an enzyme? Multiple Choice uric acid lipase lactose DNA maltose
lipase
Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration? Multiple Choice matrix - electron transport chain cristae - preparatory reaction cristae - glycolysis matrix - citric acid cycle matrix - glycolysis
matrix - citric acid cycle
Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome? Multiple Choice ribosomal RNA All types of RNA can carry the information from the nucleus to the ribosome. transfer RNA messenger RNA
messenger RNA
The two techniques typically used to create transgenic animals are Multiple Choice microinjection of protoplasts and electroshock of eggs. microinjection of eggs and vortex mixing of eggs. microinjection of eggs and vortex mixing of protoplasts. microinjection of eggs and electroshock of eggs. electroshock of protoplasts and electroshock of eggs.
microinjection of eggs and vortex mixing of eggs.
Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell? Multiple Choice endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial matrix cytoplasm nucleus mitochondrial cristae
mitochondrial matrix
The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of the Multiple Choice grana. pigment complex. ATP synthase complex. epidermal cells of the leaf. hydrogen ions (H+).
pigment complex.
Which of the following allows photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy? Multiple Choice NAD+ glucose nucleus chloroplasts pigments
pigments
When two or more sets of alleles affect the same trait, it is termed Multiple Choice incomplete dominance. polygenic inheritance. codominant. a double-trait cross. a single-trait cross.
polygenic inheritance.
Which of the following processes takes place during transcription? Multiple Choice binding of two tRNA molecules/ribosome production of mRNA liberation of polypeptide from ribosome attachment of a ribosome to mRNA growth of a polypeptide chain
production of mRNA
Which molecule(s) is/are the product(s) of anaerobic respiration? Multiple Choice pyruvate glucose and carbon dioxide lactate and oxygen carbon dioxide pyruvate and oxygen
pyruvate
A piece of DNA that contains sequences from two or more different organisms is called Multiple Choice recombinant DNA. inverse DNA. transgenic DNA. species-specific DNA. semiconservative DNA.
recombinant DNA.
Cellular respiration involves the Multiple Choice release of energy. release of O2. synthesis of glucose. intake of carbon dioxide. capture of solar energy.
release of energy.
The leaves of a maple tree vary in size depending on the location of the leaves on the tree. Those growing at the outer region of the tree tend to be smaller than those growing closer to the trunk of the tree. This allows leaves that are growing in the shade to have a larger surface area. This is an example of Multiple Choice Mendelian inheritance. codominance. response to environmental factors. incomplete dominance. epistatic interactions.
response to environmental factors.
Which of the classes of RNA molecules is produced in the nucleolus? Multiple Choice primary mRNA transcript ribosomal RNA messenger RNA transfer RNA ribozymes
ribosomal RNA
The site of translation is the Multiple Choice nucleolus. mitochondria. ribozyme. ribosome. nucleus.
ribosome
n DNA fingerprinting, the products of PCR are cut by restriction enzymes into unique lengths. The fragments are then Multiple Choice subjected to fluorescent dyes and visualized under an electron microscope. used to produce the genes that give the individual a unique set of fingerprints. arranged into a karyotype. separated according to their lengths. separated according to their relative positive and negative charges.
separated according to their lengths.
In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of Multiple Choice sugar-phosphate molecules. phosphate groups. bases. hydrogen bonds. sugars.
sugar-phosphate molecules.
the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of Multiple Choice hydrogen bonds. bases. sugars. sugar-phosphate molecules. phosphate groups.
sugar-phosphate molecules.
The reason an increase in substrate concentration does not increase the reaction rate indefinitely is because Multiple Choice another enzyme will take advantage of the excess substrate and use it for a different reaction. enzymes cannot be used more than once in a reaction. eventually the enzyme will no longer recognize the substrate. the enzyme will become denatured. the active site will become saturated with substrate and the enzyme will not be able to go any faster.
the active site will become saturated with substrate and the enzyme will not be able to go any faster.
What does the term stroma refer to? Multiple Choice the double membrane of the chloroplast a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids a stack of thylakoid membrane structures the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within Multiple Choice a. the cristae of the mitochondria. b. all plant cell organelles. c. the chloroplast. d. both chloroplasts and mitochondria. e. the nucleus of plants but not of animals.
the chloroplast.
One of the problems that limits the use of gene therapy is Multiple Choice finding suitable donors. All of the answer choices are problems with gene therapy. the detrimental side effects from the inserted genes. that some patients are allergic to the bacterial DNA used. the possibility of further mutating the patient's genes.
the detrimental side effects from the inserted genes.Correct
Water is split and oxygen is released in Multiple Choice the cyclic electron pathway. the Calvin cycle reactions. the noncyclic electron pathway. the electron transport chain. photosystem I.
the noncyclic electron pathway.
Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein? Multiple Choice the enzyme that attaches the amino acid to tRNA the proteins associated with rRNA the sequence of codons in mRNA the number of codons in mRNA the sequence of the anticodons
the sequence of codons in mRNA
How many membranes does a chloroplast have? Multiple Choice one four two three five
three
The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called Multiple Choice carotenoids. thylakoids. mesophyll. CAM units. stomata.
thylakoids.
hich of the following bases pairs with adenine in DNA? Multiple Choice guanine cytosine thymine adenine uracil
thymine
In DNA, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ATP. guanine. uracil. thymine. cytosine.
thymine.
Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis? Multiple Choice to compensate for the lack of oxygen to move the reaction into the mitochondria to donate electrons to NAD+ to activate the glucose to accept electrons from glucose
to activate the glucose
Which of the classes of RNA molecules has an anticodon? Multiple Choice transfer RNA primary mRNA transcript ribozyme messenger RNA
transfer RNA
A major difference in the production of transgenic bacteria, plants, and animals is that Multiple Choice a. transgenic bacteria do not pass on their genetic modification to offspring, while plants and animals do. b. transgenic animals require the use of a host to carry the genetically modified embryo, while bacteria and plants do not. c. transgenic bacteria and plants receive genes from other species of organisms, while animals are only able to incorporate genes from their own species. d. transgenic bacteria, animals, and plants can only incorporate genes from their own species, so the process is unique for each species. e. so far, only transgenic plants and animals have been successful. Scientists are still trying to create transgenic bacteria.
transgenic animals require the use of a host to carry the genetically modified embryo, while bacteria and plants do not.
Initiation, elongation, and termination are three stages in Multiple Choice error correction by proofreading enzymes. translation. mRNA processing. intron removal. DNA processing
translation
Which is the process by which a protein is constructed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? Multiple Choice transformation transcription translation translocation replication
translation
NADH and FADH2 bring electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. true or flase
true
Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA? uracil thymine cytosine guanine adenine
uracil
Which molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen during photosynthesis? Multiple Choice carbon dioxide G3P water cytochrome glucose
water
A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children can roll their tongues and two cannot. If T = tongue rolling and t = cannot roll tongue, then what is the genotype of the parents? Multiple Choice woman Tt; man TT woman tt; man tt woman TT; man tt woman Tt; man Tt woman Tt; man tt
woman Tt; man tt