bio test
3 parts to the cell theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all living things 3. cells only come from preexisting cells
Eukaryotes
Means "True nucleus" Nucleus bound by membrane Including fungi, protests, plant, and animal cells. Possess many organelles. Larger than Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
Means "before nucleus" First cell type on earth Cell type of bacteria and Archaea. No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid= region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes Older than Eukaryotic cells. Smaller and simpler than Eukaryotic cells
Define "passive transport"
Movement down a concentration gradient (higher to lower)
Does passive transport require energy
No
equilibrium
The concentration is equal throughout spreading
active transport
The movement of materials up the concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration), requires energy from ATP.
3 factors that can change the rate or speed of diffusion
temperature stirring or agitation thickness of material
What is the name he gave bacteria
Animalcules
Who is the person credited with seeing bacteria for the first time? Where did he find his specimens?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek looking a dental scrapings.
Why does Robert Hooke not get the credit he probably deserves for cell theory?
Because he was going against Newton and they hated each other. He made an enemy with the wrong person.
Robert Hooke coined the word "cell" as a biology term. What specimens did he look at and why did he choose the word "cell" to describe what he saw?
He got it from a cork he saw little repeating blocks so he called them cells.
What role in the argument did Rudolf Virchow play and what was interesting about his findings
He proved that all cells came from preexisting cells and the interesting part people think he got credit for something he did not do
turgor Pressure
Pushes the plasma membrane against the wall of the cell.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann had a disagreement what was it.
Schwann believed that cells did not have to come from preexisting cells whereas Schleiden believed all cells came from preexisting cells.
Who developed the first compound microscope
Zacherias Jansen
concentration gradient
difference in concentration from one place to another
3 major types of transport
diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion
osmosis
diffusion of water through a membrane
endocytosis
endo means inside. Movement of materials into the cell by pinching of the cell membrane
exocytosis
exo means exit. Movement of materials out of the cell by pinching of the cell membrane
Isotonic
means equal water. The amount of water is equal both in and out of the cell
Hypertonic
means high water. The amount of water outside the cell is greater than the water inside the cell
hypotonic
means less water. The amount of water outside the cell is lower than water inside the cell
examples of active transport
membrane pumps movement using membrane vesicles
Plasmolysis
the loss of water
diffusion
the spread of something widely
does active transport require energy
yes
