Bio Test Ch. 4

At least half of the world's species of land organisms live in a a. tropical rain forest. b. temperate forest. c. temperate savanna. d. tropical desert.

A: tropical rain forest

In an ecosystem, _______ diminishes at each successive trophic level.

energy

A path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem is called a(n) ___________

food chain

The basic food source for an ecosystem are the _________.

producers

Combustion returns carbon to the environment in the form of ______________

fossil fuels

Water that seeps into the soil is called ____________

groundwater

When humans and animals die, phosphorus a. returns to the soil. b. is dissolved in water. c. evaporates into the atmosphere. d. is decomposed by decomposers.

A: returns to the soil

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in the diagram is known as a. succession. b. competitive exclusion. c. symbiosis. d. oligotrophy

A: succession

When the settlers arrived in New England, many forests were turned into fields. Eventually, some fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described as a. succession. b. coevolution. c. pioneer species. d. niche realization.

A: succession

In water, calcium phosphate dissolves to form which substance that is taken up by the roots of plants? a. phosphate b. nitrogen c. calcium d. carbon

A: Phosphate

Which does a functioning aquarium not display? a. a niche b. a community c. an ecosystem d. a habitat

A: a niche

Which of the following factors is not helpful in defining a biome? a. a season's average rainfall b. climate conditions c. types of organisms d. latitude

A: a season's average rainfall

All living things are made of a. carbon. b. boron. c. silicon. d. mercury.

A: carbon

A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a a. community. b. biome. c. population. d. habitat.

A: community

An area where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from an ocean is a(n) a. estuary. b. marine ecosystem. c. wetland. d. freshwater ecosystem.

A: estuary

physical location : habitat :: a. function : niche b. trophic level : food zone c. biodiversity : community d. consumers : trophic level

A: function : niche

Precipitation that percolates into the soil becomes a. groundwater. b. water vapor. c. lakes. d. runoff.

A: groundwater

major terrestrial biome : temperate forest :: a. major aquatic ecosystem : wetland b. major terrestrial biome : freshwater lake c. major aquatic ecosystem : savannah d. major terrestrial biome : estuary

A: major aquatic system: wetland

Refer to the illustration above. How much energy is available to the organisms in level C? a. all of the energy in level A plus the energy in level B b. 10 percent of the energy in level B c. all of the energy in level A minus the energy in level B d. 90 percent of the energy in level B

B: 10 percent of the energy in level B

Which of the following is common to the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle? a. The largest reserves of the substance are always in organisms. b. The substance is required by all living things and is involved in many processes that occur in all living things. c. The substance is rearranged into different types of molecules as it moves through its cycle. d. The substance must pass through organisms in order to complete its cycle.

B: The substance is required by all living things and is involved in many processes that occur in all living things.

Which of the following is not part of the nitrogen cycle? a. conversion of nitrogen from decaying organisms into ammonia b. breathing in nitrogen gas from the atmosphere c. conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable organic compounds by bacteria d. nitrogen fixation

B: breathing in nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.

In biomes where precipitation is low, most organisms have adaptations to a. find shade. b. conserve water. c. hunt at night. d. blossom in winter.

B: conserve water

In which of the following could one not reasonably measure biodiversity? a. community b. population c. ecosystem d. habitat

B: population

Which two key factors determine the climate of a region? a. biodiversity and habitats b. temperature and precipitation c. organism types and bodies of water d. soil type and day length

B: temperature and precipitation

Refer to the illustration above. Which is an accurate assumption about why there are not more than four trophic levels in this diagram? a. Fifth level consumers are also herbivores. b. The fourth level consumers do not have enough energy to support another tropic level. c. Carnivores do not eat other carnivores. d. Fifth level consumers are always decomposers.

B: the fourth level consumers do not have enough energy to support another tropic level.

The kinds of species that live in certain areas are determined largely by a. soil. b. weather. c. climate. d. plants.

C: Climate

Plants use carbon dioxide to build organic molecules during the process of a. combustion. b. respiration. c. photosynthesis. d. transpiration.

C: photosynthesis

Refer to the illustration above. Level A is composed of a. herbivores. b. omnivores. c. producers. d. carnivores

C: producers

When forests are cut down, both water and nutrient ______ are altered.

cycles

Succession occurs a. as one generation of organisms replaces the previous one. b. only after a glacier retreat. c. after a new food web is established. d. as a previously existing community is replaced.

D: as a previously existing community is replaced.

Refer to the illustration above. The photosynthetic algae are a. parasites. b. consumers. c. decomposers. d. producers.

D: producers

Nitrogen is a component of a. carbohydrates. b. water. c. fats. d. proteins.

D: proteins

Animals that feed on plants are at least in the a. third trophic level. b. fourth trophic level. c. first trophic level. d. second trophic level.

D: second trophic level

Refer to the illustration above. Killer whales feed at the a. second trophic level only. b. first and second trophic levels. c. second and third trophic levels. d. third and fourth trophic levels.

D: third and fourth trophic levels

succession : a regular replacement of species :: a. food chains : the number of trophic levels b. ecosystems : the number of species c. organisms : survival in the environment d. trophic levels : a regular reduction of energy

D: trophic levels : a regular reduction of energy

Precipitation and evaporation are important components of the _______ cycle.

Water

The term ___________ given to the bacteria that break down dead tissue.

decomposers

Carbon is returned to the atmosphere by cellular respiration, combustion, and _____________

decomposition

The conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia by the action of bacteria is called _______________

nitrogen fixation

Phosphorus is often found in soil and _____ as calcium phosphate.

rock