Bio Test: Chapter 18

In Linnaeus's system of classification, how many levels are there?

7

Archaea

A domain made up of unicellular and prokaryotic and live in some very extreme environments.

Bacteria

A domain made up of unicellular and prokaryotic.

Genus

A group of similar species.

Phylum

A group that are different but share important characteristics.

Monophyletic Group

A group that shares a single common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Family

A larger category that is grouped together by similarities.

Domain

A larger system, more inclusive than kingdom.

Binomial Nomenclature

A naming system developed in the 1730's by a Swedish botanist, Carlos Linnaeus. It assigns each species a scientific name made up of the Genus and species names.

Systematics

A system of grouping and naming organisms.

Derived Character

A trait that is passed along descendants from the most recent common ancestor.

Multi cellular organisms that move about are placed in the Kingdom...

Animalia

What two kingdoms did Linnaeus name?

Animalia and Plantea Kingdoms

The two word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called

Binomial Nomenclature

Why do biologists use a classification system to study the diversity of life?

Biologists use a classification system to identify, name and find order in the diversity of life.

How were the classification system of Aristotle and Linnaeus similar?

Both considered species by where they lived, there physical features, and and categorized animals and plants.

A ______ includes a common ancestor and all its descendants, living or extinct

Clade

A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms is called a(n)

Cladogram

Order

Closely related families organized into bigger groups.

All species descended from a(n) _______ and are part of a monophyletic group.

Common Ancestor

Eukarya

Consists of all organisms with a nucleus. Consists of "Protista", Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

Characteristics shared by members of a clade and only by members of that clade are called

Derived Character.

The three domains are:

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

In a good system of classification, organisms placed into a particular group are less similar to each other than they are to organisms in other groups. (True or False)

False

Under Linnaeus' classification system, similar genera were placed into a larger category called a(n)

Family

The first part of the name refers to the _____, or a group of similar species.

Genus

Clade

Groups of species that included a single same ancestor and all are descendants from it.

What traits did Linnaeus consider when classifying organisms?

He compared details of anatomy the structures of different organisms.

Philology

It is the history of evolution in lineages.

The largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus's system of classification is the ______ and the smallest is the ________.

Kingdom, species

Cladogram

Linking clades together in a diagram.

Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class:

Mammalia

A clade is made up of a(n)

Monophyletic Group

The place where the ancestral lineage splits on a cladogram is called a fork, or a(n)

Node

The species name of the lion is:

Panthera leo

the study of how living things and extinct organisms are related to one another.

Phylogeny

In addition to Animalia, Plantae and Fungi, the six-kingdom system of classification includes:

Protista, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

The science of naming and grouping organisms is called

Systematics (Taxonomy)

Families, orders, classes and phyla are all

Taxa

The science of classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted known as

Taxonomy

The goal of systematic is to organize living things into groups, called _____, that have biological meaning.

Taxons

What problems are faced by taxonomists who rely on body-structure comparisons?

The evolution that can lead to different organisms evolving. This makes it hard for taxonomies to classify.

Kingdom

The largest group of the Taxonomic categories.

Class

The next largest group where similarities are grouped.

Taxon

The organization of living things into groups that have biological reasoning to them.

What do all organisms have in common?

They use all DNA to pass on information

What is the genus of the grizzly bear, Ursus actors?

Ursus

Why is it confusing to refer to organisms by common names?

Using common names can be confusing because of the difference in cultures and the amount of animals.

Phylum

a group of classes

Order

a group of families

Class

a group of orders

Clade

a group of species that include a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor

Domain

a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom

Systematics is:

a science of name and grouping organisms

To be useful, a scientific name has to refer to:

a single species

Modern methods of classification include the idea that all organisms share a common:

ancestor

In evolutionary classification, a monophyletic group includes one:

ancestors and all its descendants

Members of the domain ______ live in some of the most extreme environments on Earth.

archaea

Highlight the letter of each sentence that is true about binomial nomenclature.

b. Each species is assigned a two part scientific name. c. The scientific name is always written in italics.

Highlight the letter of each sentence that is true about early efforts at naming organisms

b. Names often described detailed physical characteristics of a species. c. Names could be very long. d. It was difficult to standardize the names.

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system know as:

binomial nomenclature

Linnaean classification involves:

both large and small categories of organisms

One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they:

can apply to more than one animal

What kind of analysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms?

cladistic analysis

shows relative degrees of relatedness among lineages

cladogram

Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of:

common ancestory

A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants.

derived character

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a:

derived character

The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called:

evolutionary classification

Modern systematic try to group organisms based on:

evolutionary relationships

The most important difference between classification during the time of Linnaeus and current classification is that organisms are now grouped according to their:

evolutionary relationships

The third smallest taxon in the Linnaean system of classification is the:

family

In the scientific name of an organism, the first part is the:

genus

Based on its name, the organism Malus sylverstris is in the:

genus Malus

The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of:

prokaryotes

A genus is composed of a number of similar:

species

Based on their name, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cyoncephalus do NOT belong to the same:

species

Homo habilis and Homo erectus do NOT belong to the same:

species

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each:

species in its genus

List the seven levels of organization in Linnaeus' system of classifying organisms, beginning with the smallest category and ending with the largest category.

species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom

What is the science of naming and grouping organisms called:

systematics

A group or level of organization in taxonomy is called a taxonomic category or

taxa

At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as:

taxa

Eukarya

the domain containing all organisms that have a nucleus

Bacteria

the domain containing organisms that are prokaryotic and unicellular

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

the genus name only

Phylogeny

the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another

Protista

they are a "catchall" group of eukaryotes

Fungi

they feed on dead or decaying organic matter

Animalia

they have no cell walls and they move about

Plantae

they include mosses and ferns

How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early versions of scientific names?

they tend to be shorter

Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily:

visible similarities and differences

Aristotle classified animals on the basis of:

where they lived

From their scientific names Zea mays and Allium cepa, you know that the two organisms are:

in different genera (genus)

Modern methods of classification that Linnaeus did not use include comparisons of:

molecular structures

The main criterion used in Linneaus' system of classification is an organism's:

morphology

Several different classes make up a:

phylum

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?

phylum and kingdom