Bio Test Chapter 4
Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to _____. the endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes the nucleolus the Golgi apparatus
A
Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____. nucleus nucleolus endomembrane system mitochondria
A
The nucleolus _____. manufactures ribosomes organizes the spindle fibers for cell division contains the hereditary blueprint of the cell modifies substances made on the endoplasmic reticulum
A
What are the limits on which maximum cell size depends? surface-to-volume ratio number of surrounding cells amount of DNA in the nucleus the number of organelles
A
Digestive cells produce many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes _____. in the cytoplasm on the rough endoplasmic reticulum on the Golgi apparatus on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B
Phospholipid bilayer membranes are semipermeable. Which of the following can move across the membrane without assistance? H+ O2 starch glucose
B
The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____. the materials needed to build it its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move the number of organelles that can be packed inside
B
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____. the nucleus the plasma membrane a microtubule the Golgi apparatus a ribosome
B
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be _____. a Paramecium a grasshopper cell a yeast (fungus) cell an archaean
D
A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the monomers from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. smooth endoplasmic reticulum peroxisome rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
D
Under a light microscope, which substance becomes visible as the cell divides? DNA mRNA protein chromatin
D
Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?
The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.
breakdown of fatty acids
Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?
cristae
Where would you expect to find contractile proteins in a cell?
cytoskeleton
Cilia and flagella move due to energy provided by the enzymatic breakdown of ATP by _____.
dynein arms
The contractile vacuole _____.
eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _____; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, _____.
have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder in which the cilia of the respiratory tract become immobile. As a result, these individuals suffer respiratory illnesses. This is because the cells _____
lack dynein arms
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
The protein actin is a component of a(n) _____.
microfilament
Integstns are proteins that are responsible for integrating changes that are occurring outside and inside the cell. They are able to do this because of _____.
microfilaments
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Chloroplasts are found in _____.
plant cells and some protists
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
secrete a lot of material
Lysosomes are derived from _____ and function in _____.
the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles
The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of _____. `
ATP
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____. have more internal membranous compartments lack a nucleus have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane
B
When isolated liver cells are combined with toxins, initial processing in the _____ increases the solubility of those compounds as an initial step in their excretion. rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion
B
Where are the ribosomes that produce enzymes responsible for the first steps of sugar metabolism found? rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B
Which of these is a function of the endomembrane system? cell shape molecule export cell movement control center
B
A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is ____. 100 nanometers 10 nanometers 10 to 100 micrometers 1 to 10 micrometers
C
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be in which general functional category of organelle? support between cells breakdown manufacturing energy-processing
C
Which of the following are found in prokaryotic cells? mitochondria endomembrane systems ribosomes Golgi apparatuses
C
Which of the following structures is/are found in prokaryotic cells? endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes nucleus
C
Which of the following would be found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell? extracellular matrix nucleolus centrioles flagella
C
In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium. rough endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell? smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole lysosome, vacuole, ribosome vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D
Pancreatic cells secrete lots of proteins. With this in mind, which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in pancreatic cells? lysosomes microfilaments smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum
D
The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a _____. light microscope transmission electron microscope microscope and fluorescent dyes scanning electron microscope
D
The term resolving power refers to _____. the apparent increase in the size of an object the depth of focus the source of the illumination the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate
D
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____
Golgi apparatus
When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably _____.
microtubules