bio tests
Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
(D) cell membrane
if 30% of the nucleotide in a single strand of RNA are adeline, what percentage is thymine?
0%
Which of the following correctly illustrates a dipeptide and an amino acid in the optimal position to form a tripeptide?
A (different on both ends 😁)
During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?
A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas
Energy for Calvin Cycle comes from which two substances in light dependent rxns?
ATP and NADPH
The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions?
ATP and NADPH
Which of the following best explains how higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus contribute to eutrophication?
Algae require nitrogen and phosphorus to build macromolecules, so higher concentrations of these nutrients can result in algal blooms
Amylase is an enzyme that converts carbohydrate polymers into monomers. Glycogen synthase is one of the enzymes involved in converting carbohydrate monomers into polymers. Which of The following best explains
Amylase aids in the removal of a water molecule to break covalent bonds whereas glycogen synthase aids in the addition of a water molecule to form covalent bonds.
Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?
Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules.
A researcher claims that only a portion of the light energy captured by green plants is available for growth and repair. Which of the following observations best helps justify the researcher's claim?
As light energy is converted to chemical energy by metabolic processes, some of the energy is lost as heat.
A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants. Which of the following statements best supports the researcher's claim?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.
Students investigated the effect of light on the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems by performing the controlled experiment summarized below. Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental results documented in the table?
B bar graph w margin of error
The observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of the seedlings to produce which of the following monomers?
C The one w only and another one
Intact cells of two unknown cell types were placed into solutions with different concentrations of NaCl. Type I cells swelled and burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Type II cells swelled but did not burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Which of the following descriptions of cell type I and cell type II are most consistent with the data?
Cell Type I Animal cell surrounded by a plasma membrane only Cell Type II Plant cell surrounded by a plasma membrane and a cell wall
Site of glucose synthesis
Chloroplast B
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme that aids in the decomposition of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) into nontoxic substances. Methyl alcohol acts as a competitive inhibitor of ethyl alcohol by competing for the same active site on ADH. When attached to ADH, methyl alcohol is converted to formaldehyde, which is toxic in the body. Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of substrate (ethyl alcohol), while keeping the concentration of the inhibitor (methyl alcohol) constant?
Competitive inhibition will decrease because the proportion of the active sites occupied by substrate will increase.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief amount of time and then removed. The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?
DNA
phosphorus can be found in which of the following
DNA
The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?
Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?
A scientist claims that Elysia chlorotica, a species of sea slug, is capable of photosynthesis. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence to support the claim?
Elysia chlorotica grows when exposed to light in the absence of other food sources.
Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein X moves through the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum→Golgi apparatus→lysosomes
A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?
Golgi complex
cohesion of water can be explained best by which of the following
H bonds between oxygen of one water and hydrogen of water molecule
Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?
H+ ions will stop moving through the protein.
The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from
H20
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial chemiosmosis is NOT true?
Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain.
Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water?
Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule
Cyanobacteria contain a variety of pigment molecules, as shown in Table 1. As a result, the color of cyanobacteria cultures can vary significantly based on the relative amount of each pigment produced. A researcher placed a culture of cyanobacteria under green lights. Within a few weeks, the appearance of the cyanobacteria changed from green to red. The researcher claimed the color change in the culture was the result of an adaptation allowing greater photosynthesis. Which of the following provides the best reasoning to justify the researcher's claim?
In green light, more phycoerythrin molecules are produced, allowing more green light to be absorbed, thus increasing photosynthesis.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?
Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
Fertilizer has N, P, and K. Which of the following matched fertilizer component too what they will be incorporated in?
N will be incorporated in nucleic acid
In chloroplasts, ATP is synthesized from ADP plus inorganic phosphate (Pi) in a reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase molecules that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Which of the following statements provides evidence to support the claim that no ATP will be synthesized in the absence of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?
No ATP is synthesized when channel proteins that allow the free passage of protons are inserted into the thylakoid membrane.
Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?
Protein
Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?
Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules.
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?
The addition of a water molecule breaks a bond between sugar monomers
Based on the information presented, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a buildup of cholesterol molecules in the blood of an animal?
The animal's body cells are defective in endocytosis.
Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher's study?
The concentration of chlorophyll a
Which of the following describes the relationship between the amount of chlorophyll a in a water sample and the concentration of nitrogen in that sample?
The concentrations of nitrogen and chlorophyll a are directly correlated.
Figure 1. Nucleic acid fragment Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment is RNA and not DNA?
The identity of each nitrogenous base
A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes. Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?
The initial concentration of the substrate
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme?
The shape and charge of the substrates are compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
A mutation in the gene coding for a single-polypeptide enzyme results in the substitution of the amino acid serine, which has a polar R group, by the amino acid phenylalanine, which has a nonpolar R group. When researchers test the catalysis of the normal enzyme and the mutated enzyme, they find that the mutated enzyme has much lower activity than the normal enzyme does. Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted in decreased catalytic activity by the mutated enzyme?
The substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does.
Which of the following statements best explains the observations represented in Figure 1 ? CELL POND IN WATER
There was a net movement of water out of the cell suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of water into the cell suspended in the distilled water.
Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration?
They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions.
Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?
They have highly folded membranes.
Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function?
Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate.
Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above?
Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?
What is the function of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions
Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote
chloroplast (B)
Best explanation of where cows get the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?
eat/break down grass and rearrange into new carbon containing molecule
When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as
facilitated diffusion
this is where modification and packaging of proteins and lipids occur prior to export from the cell
golgi
All of the following changes would be likely to decrease the rate of transpiration at 8 A.M. EXCEPT
increasing the water potential of the soil
ATP serves as a common energy source for organisms because
its energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work
statement that best supports that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells ?
mitochondria and bacteria have similar ribosomes and DNA
P.Dehydrogenase is an enzyme used in krebs cycle. Where would this enzyme most likely active?
mitochondrial matrix
All of the following are in prokaryotic cell EXCEPT
nuclear envelope
All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT
nuclear envelope
Where would you find cholesterol in animal cell?
plasma membrane
X protein is made up of amino acids in chain. If one aa is deleted what impact will have on protein structure?
primary, secondary, and tertiary structure
which component of cell membrane is responsible for active transport?
protein
During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
protons down a concentration gradient