BIO105 Lab 5: Bones 2 (Axial Skeleton), Quiz

Which bones are classified as facial bones?

- The 14 bones that form the facial skeleton are the mandible, maxillae, zygomatic bones (2), nasal bone, lacrimal bones (2), Vomer bone, nasal conchae, palatine bones (2)

What are the distinguishing characteristics of cervical vertebrae? What is the significance of the size of the body in lumbar vertebrae?

- The 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) form the cervical curve. The 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) form the lumbar curve. - - Cervical vertebrae are smaller than thoracic or lumbar vertebrae because they carry the least amount of bodyweight, cervical vertebrae also have a bifid (y-shaped) spinous process. The first and second cervical vertebrae have further characteristics, the C1 is called the atlas as it is the vertebrae that supports the skull, The C2 is called the axis and it serves as the axis for rotation when turning the head. - The Lumbar vertebrae are characterized by being large and thick. The lumbar vertebrae carry the most bodyweight.

which bones make up the cranium

- The 8 bones that form the cranium are the frontal bone, parietal bones (2), Occipital Bone and temporal bones (2) which together make up the calvaria. The sphenoid and ethmoid protect the underside of the brain and are also part of the cranium.

What structure passes through the foramen magnum? What structure is responsible for articulating with the vertebral column?

- The Foramen Magnum is the opening in the occipital bone which allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain. - The Occipital condyles of the skull

Name the bone that is the site of the mental foramen.

Mandible-- the mental foramen is a small foramen on the anterior surface of the mandible, typically adjacent to the root of the mandibular second premolar tooth.

Imagine that you are working as medical examiner and a new body is brought in. the body appears to be healthy, except for a broken hyoid bone. what do you suspect is the cause of death?

The cause of death would be suspected strangulation, for example hanging.

Which ribs are false ribs? Why are these classified as false ribs?

The eight-twelfth (8-12) ribs that do not connect to the sternum are the false ribs.

Which ribs are true ribs? Why are they classified as true ribs?

The first seven ribs that connect to the sternum are the true ribs

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

The hyoid bone supports the tongue, providing attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, neck and pharynx

Which part of the mandible attaches to the cranium? Where does it articulate?

The mandible attaches to the cranium by the temporomandibular joint. This joint articulates with the skull.

Which bones compose the orbit?

The orbits are the cavities that protect the eyes, they are made up of 7 bones. Frontal bone, maxillae, sphenoid, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones and ethmoid.

The pituitary gland is nicknamed the "master gland" of the body because it secretes many hormones that have widespread effects int he body. Which bone (and where on that bone) houses it?

The pituitary gland is located in the sphenoid bone, The sphenoid bone is found in the cranium.

Name the bone that contains the foramen magnum.

occipital bone-- The foramen magnum is the largest foramen of the skull. It is located in the most inferior portion of the cranial fossa as a part of the occipital bone

Name the most posterior part of the cranium.

posterior cranial fossa-- The posterior cranial fossa is the most posterior and deepest portion of the cranialcavity. It contains the cerebellum of the brain. The posterior fossa is bounded anteriorly by the petrous ridges, while the occipital bone forms the floor and posteriorwall.

Name the bone that is the site of the sella turcicia.

sphenoid bone--The sella turcica is located in the sphenoid bone behind the chiasmatic groove and the tuberculum sellae.

Name the cheekbone(s)

zygomatic bone(s)