Bio108 MB4 Chapter 8

What variable was measured by the researchers, and what are the units for this variable?

(inorganic phosphate) concentration, in micromoles per milliliter of sampled buffer

What is the approximate slope of the line between 5 and 20 minutes?

17 μmol/mL • min

Which of these is ATP?

3 Phosphates, Ribose, Adnine

Now that you have determined which variable goes on each axis, the graph can be constructed. An effective graph marks off the axes with just enough evenly spaced tick marks to accommodate the full set of data. Assuming that the x-axis tick marks will be separated by 5 (5, 10, 15, and so on), what is the largest value that should appear on the x-axis?

40

Assuming that the y-axis tick marks will be separated by 50 (50, 100, 150, and so on), what is the largest value that should appear on the y-axis?

400

In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?

ATP

Which of the following statements is the most reasonable biological explanation for the pattern you see on the graph?

As the enzyme activity slows down (when the slope reaches zero), there is no additional being released because the cells have used up the substrate.

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

Cellular Respiration

The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.

Exergonic

Use the data at left to make a line graph. To create the graph, first click on "add graph" and select the label "Concentration of Inorganic Phosphate Over Time." (For more help using the graphing tool, open the hint.)

Graph the numbers, time is on x... blah blah

Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?

Heat, Carbon Dioxide, Water

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

Hydroloysis

Select the highest energy form of adenosine from the following images.

Image with Adenine, Ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?

It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

Potential

In which region is the enzyme saturated with substrate?

Region C

How would you describe the pattern you see in the graph?

The concentration of organic phosphate in the buffer increases slowly at first, then rises rapidly, then reaches a maximum and stays there over the time course.

This animation below shows a metabolic pathway with three kinds of enzymes. Which enzyme comes second in the pathway?

The enzyme at the lower right.

Rank these by reaction rate, as measured by the rate of product formation per unit time, from lowest reaction rate to highest reaction rate. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Uncatalyzed Reaction-> Reaction catalyzed by enzyme A -> Reaction catalyzed by enzyme B

If your blood sugar level is low from skipping lunch, the following reaction will occur in your liver cells

Your blood sugar level will increase as glucose is released from your liver cells into your bloodstream.

Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?

a space station orbiting Earth

What part of the time course had the highest rate of enzyme activity?

between 5 and 20 minutes

The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.

endergonic

This graph illustrates a(n) _____ reaction.

endergonic

Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?

endergonic

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

What is the correct label for "A"?

energy of activation

A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously

exergonic

The following reaction A --> B + C + heat is a(n) _____ reaction.

exergonic

Select the INCORRECT association.

exergonic & uphill

In this reaction _____.

heat has been released to the environment

An Enzyme

is an organic catalyst

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.

is unchanged

In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules?

proteins

Enzymes work by

reducing EA

In which region does the reaction rate remain constant?

region C

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

substrate

in this reaction _____.

the products have less potential energy than the reactants

What is energy coupling?

the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

To see patterns in the data from a time-course experiment like this, it is helpful to graph the data. But first, you must determine which variable should go on each axis of the graph. What variable did the researchers intentionally vary in the experiment, and what are the units for this variable?

time of reaction, in minutes

Which part of the adenosine triphosphate molecule is released when it is hydrolyzed to provide energy for biological reactions?

γ-phosphate (the terminal phosphate)