BIO109 Hicks Ch. 13

[Mastering Biology] a) Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones? b) Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger? c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress. d) _____ are the main male hormones. e) What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys? f) Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? g) Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes? h) Which hormone stimulates milk production?

a) Hypothalamus (The hypothalamus secretes both releasing and inhibiting hormones). b) Epinephrine and norepinephrine (These hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, are responsible for the "fight or flight" response). c) Glucocorticoids (In response to stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids). d) Androgens (Androgens, such as testosterone, are the main male hormones). e) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A diuretic promotes water loss; thus it makes sense that ADH (secreted by the anterior pituitary) promotes water conservation). f) Calcitonin (Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels; calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels). g) Luteinizing hormone (LH) (LH stimulates hormone production by both the ovaries and testes). h) Prolactin (Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates milk production by the mammary glands).

[Mastering Biology] a) The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________ b) From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released? c) How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland? d) The most accurate statement about FSH is ________. e) The most accurate statement about LH is ________.

a) Hypothalamus b) Posterior pituitary (Does not produce its own hormones) c) They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary. d) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development. e) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation.

[Mastering Biology] Hyposecretion of ADH results in...

Diabetes insipidus.

I[Mastering Biology] nsufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in...

Dwarfism

[Mastering Biology] Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Insulin: diabetes insipidus

[Pre-Lecture Quiz] A deficiency in ____ leads to an underproduction of thyroid hormones.

Iodine

[Mastering Biology] Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

Oxytocin and prolactin

[Mastering Biology] Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.

[Mastering Biology] Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

[Mastering Biology] The target cells of an endocrine gland __________

have specific receptors for the hormone (Only cells with the appropriate receptors can respond to a particular hormone).

[Pre-Lecture Quiz] What is the function of the endocrine system?

....

[Mastering Biology] Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________.

Adrenal cortex; ACTH (The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, including cortisol, which is stimulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary).

[Mastering Biology] Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels?

Both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion.

[Mastering Biology] The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

ADH

[Mastering Biology] Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the __________.

Adrenal medulla

[Mastering Biology] Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food?

Glucagon (Glucagon causes the breakdown of glycogen, which increases blood glucose levels, maintaining the supply of energy for cells that need it).

[Mastering Biology] Which of the following statements about glucagon is true?

Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.

[Mastering Biology] Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

Iodine

[Pre-Lecture Quiz] Horomones have access to every cell but only act on specific cells. What is wrong with this statement?

Nothing; it is accurate

[Pre-Lecture Quiz] Which endocrine gland secretes insulin?

Pancreas

[Mastering Biology] The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

Raise

[Pre-Lecture Quiz] What is the job of glucagon?

Raise blood sugar

[Mastering Biology] The kidneys secrete both __________.

Renin and erythropoietin

[Mastering Biology] Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

Salivary gland

[Mastering Biology] Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________.

Thymus

[Mastering Biology] a) Thyroid gland b) Testes c) Pituitary d) Adrenal gland e) Pancreas f) Ovaries g) Thymus

a) B b) G c) A d) D e) E f) F g) C

[Mastering Biology] Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________.

Glucagon; insulin (Glucagon increases blood glucose and insulin decreases blood glucose).

[Mastering Biology] All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

[Mastering Biology] Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the __________.

Hypothalamus

[Mastering Biology] Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

[Mastering Biology] __________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.

Steroid; non-steroid

[Mastering Biology] Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Sympathetic nerves

[Mastering Biology] (T/F) Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels.

True

[Mastering Biology] a) Receptors for non-steroid in _____ b) Which of these is a non-steroid hormone? c) How do non-steroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?

a) Association with a cell's plasma membrane (Since non-steroid hormones do not cross a cell's plasma membrane, their receptors are located in association with the plasma membrane). b) Epinephrine and oxytocin c) Non-steroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways (Since they do not enter the cell, non-steroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways).

[Mastering Biology] a) Lowers blood calcium levels b) Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex c) Causes release of the egg from the ovary d) Stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body e) Promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion f) Causes ejection of milk into the ducts during breast-feeding

a) Calcitonin b) ACTH c) LH d) Insulin e) Aldosterone f) Oxytocin