BIO152 Unit 7 O'Quin

Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen at an atmospheric pressure of 500 mm Hg. 390 mm Hg 53 mm Hg 105 mm Hg 160 mm Hg

105 mmHg

If the percent of oxygen is 21%, what is the partial pressure at atmospheric pressure of 550 mm Hg? 11.5 mm Hg 160 mm Hg 55 mm Hg 115.5 mm Hg

115.5 mm Hg

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in such conditions is _____. 760/21 160 mm Hg 16 mm Hg 21/760 120/75

160 mmHg

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg with 21 percent oxygen, the partial pressure of oxygen is _____. 100 mm Hg 127 mm Hg 182 mm Hg 151 mm Hg 219 mm Hg

182 mmHg

At the summit of a high mountain, the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. If the atmosphere is still composed of 21percent oxygen, then the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude is about _____. 760 mm Hg 80 mm Hg 380 mm Hg 160 mm Hg 0 mm Hg

80 mmHg

Determine the rate of diffusion in the gas-exchange organ of an air-breathing animal where the area for gas exchange in the lung is 200 mm2, the diffusion constant is 0.08, the PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) of the air in the lung is 140 mm Hg, the PO2 in blood flowing into the lung is 90 mmHg, and the thickness of the gas exchange membrane is 0.001 mm. 00032 10,000,000 125 800,000

800,000

How do fish ventilate their gills? Opening and closing of the mouth Opening and closing of operculum Swimming with an open mouth All of the above

All of the above

What structure do mammalian lungs have that frogs don't have? Capillaries Epithelium Alveoli

Alveoli

What forms in the blood that causes a drop in pH? Hydrochloric acid Carbonic acid Biocarbonate ions Ammonia

Carbonic Acid

Which process uses oxygen gas within cells? Protein synthesis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Gene expression

Cellular Respiration

Which step of gas exchange involves the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body? Ventilation Gas Exchange Circulation Cellular Respiration

Circulation

Which component of the equation do we want to keep small? K A P2-P1 D

D

An increase in chest volume causes a _________ in pressure. Increase Decrease Constancy

Decrease

Which feature is common to gills, lungs, and tracheae? Countercurrent exchange mechanism Delivering oxygen directly to cells without a circulatory system Large surface area Dead space

Large surface area

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of vertebrate lungs? The mammalian lung is more efficient at gas exchange than frog or bird lungs. Birds have more dead space than mammals. Mammals have more alveolar surface area than frogs. Mammals exhibit positive pressure ventilation and frogs exhibit negative pressure ventilation.

Mammals have more alveolar surface area than frogs.

What part of the insect are like plant stomata? Cuticle Spiracle Tracheae Eyes

Spiracle

A rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why? The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher than at sea level. The percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level. The percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher than at sea level. The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level.

Which type of water should have lowest rates of dissolved oxygen? Warm, saltwater Warm, fresh water Cold, saltwater Cold, freshwater

Warm, saltwater

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing _____. a decrease in the water's density an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms an increase in its carbon dioxide content a decrease in its oxygen content

a decrease in its oxygen content

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by _____. the contraction of the diaphragm a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs the closure of the epiglottis the expansion of the rib cage a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity

a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange _____. in the alveoli of their lungs in their specialized external gills across all parts of their thin cuticular exoskeleton across the finest branches of the trachea and cell membranes in their specialized internal gills

across the finest branches of the trachea and cell membranes

If other factors are equal, which of the following environments would have the highest level of dissolved oxygen? cool freshwater at low elevation cool freshwater at high elevation warm freshwater at high elevation cool, salty water at low elevation warm, salty water at low elevation

cool freshwater at low elevation

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____. diffusion active transport endocytosis blood pressure osmosis

diffusion

Under identical atmospheric conditions, freshwater _____. can hold 10-40 times more carbon dioxide than air has more oxygen than seawater has less oxygen than seawater can hold 10-40 times more oxygen than air

has more oxygen than seawater

Fick's law of diffusion describes the factors that influence the diffusion of respiratory gases across biological membranes like gills and lungs. Diffusion rate = k × A × (P2 - P1)/D. Natural selection is LEAST likely to act upon which variable in Fick's law? A P2 - P1 k D

k

What would be the consequences if we were to reverse the direction of water flow over the gills of a fish, moving water inward past the operculum, past the gills, the out the mouth? This reversal of water flow would _____. A) change the exchange of gases in the body from carbon dioxide out and oxygen in to carbon dioxide in and oxygen out B) reduce efficiency of gas exchange C) increase the efficiency of gas exchange

reduce efficiency of gas exchange

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because _____. gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume

the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume

Due to its system of air sacs connected to the lungs, the respiratory system of birds is arguably the most effective respiratory system of all air-breathers. Upon inhalation, air first flows into posterior air sacs, then into the lungs, and then into anterior air sacs on the way to being exhaled. Thus, there is one-way flow of air through the lungs, along thousands of tubules called parabronchi. The one-way flow of air along parabronchi makes what type of gas exchange mechanism possible, at least theoretically? the same as that occurring in mammalian lungs the same as that occurring in echinoderm skin gills the same as that occurring in fish gills the same as that occurring in insect tracheae

the same as that occurring in fish gills

Air moves in and out of the tracheal system of an exercising insect by ______. simple diffusion ventilation of the tracheae due to contraction of muscles around the tracheae ram ventilation positive pressure ventilation

ventilation of the tracheae due to contraction of muscles around the tracheae

Countercurrent exchange is evident in the flow of _____. air within the primary bronchi of a human and the blood within the pulmonary veins water across the gills of a fish and the blood within those gills blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae water across the skin of a frog and the blood flow within the ventricle of its heart

water across the gills of a fish and the blood within those gills

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because _____. gills allow only unidirectional transport gills collapse in air gills have less surface area than lungs water is less dense than air water contains much less oxygen per unit volume than air

water contains much less oxygen per unit volume than air