BIO20-LECTURE TEST ONE-HW2

This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.

cholesterol

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

triglyceride

50) This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation.

triglycerides

A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.

valence electrons

What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?

water

In the body fluid compartments found in the human body, the solvent is

water.

51) This type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement.

contractile

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms?

covalent

The energy stored in the bonds of the molecules in the foods that humans eat is 1. a form of kinetic energy. 2. a form of potential energy. 3. referred to as chemical energy.

d) 2 and 3

36) Which of the following is the major function of DNA?

d) long-term storage of information for protein synthesis

Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products?

decomposition

A chemical that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water is called a(n)

electrolyte

In the diagram, removal of one or more of this type of subatomic particle would result in the formation of a cation

electrons

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?

endergonic

Which term is defined as the capacity to do work?

energy

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?

forms backbone of all organic molecules

Specific arrangements of atoms within an organic molecule that confer characteristic chemical properties upon that molecule are called

functional groups.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?

glucose

49) Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?

glycogen

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?

glycogen

Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

hydrogen

A solute that readily dissolves in water is

hydrophilic.

52) This type of protein protects against pathogens.

immunological

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element chlorine in the human body?

ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element nitrogen in the human body

is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids

The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.

isotopes

48) Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?

lactose

An enzyme acts to

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.

Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body

metabolism

Which of the following subatomic particles has a neutral charge?

neutron

38) Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

nucleotide

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

nucleus

The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called

polar covalent bonds.

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

polyunsaturated

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

55) A triple covalent bond is formed between atoms sharing _____ valence electrons.

six

Which type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products?

synthesis

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? 1. neutron 2. electron 3. proton

2 only

34) Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?

Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze.

Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?

They are a major form of energy storage.

The primary structure of a protein consists of

a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Which of the following is a proton donor?

acid

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

acidic.

What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?

anion

Which of the following can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?

antioxidants

This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

atomic mass

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's

atomic number.

54) An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell is called a(n)

b) free radical.

37) Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?

b) transfers energy for cell functions

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)

buffer.

Surface tension of an aqueous solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water molecules.

c) hydrogen bonds

56) In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a

c) partial negative charge.

Which of the following is a common function of RNA?

c) transfer information for protein synthesis

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

47) Which of the following substances has a pH closest to 7.0?

cerebrospinal fluid

31) This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.

cholesterol