biochem amino acids
Arginine
Arg positive charge
Asparagine
Asn polar
Aspartic Acid
Asp negative charge
Cysteine
Cys special amino
Glutamine
Gln polar
Glutamic Acid
Glu negative charge
Glycine
Gly special amino
Histidine
His positive charge
Isoleucine
Ile non-polar
Leucine
Leu non-polar
Lysine
Lys positive charge
Methionine
Met non-polar
Phenylalanine
Phe non-polar
Proline
Pro special amino
Serine
Ser polar
Threonine
Thr polar
Tryptophan
Trp non-polar
Tyrosine
Tyr polar
Valine
Val non-polar
non-polar amino acids
alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine
Enzymes
are proteins that act biological catalysts
Substrates
are the molecules on which an enzyme acts
Active Sites
are the place on the enzymes that the substrates bond
pleated sheet protein
arranged side by side
negatively charged
aspartate, glutamate
Aromatic
benzene ring
Proteins can form different shapes
chain, helix, pleated sheets, and irregular
Proline
forms a cyclic ring it can cause kinks to occur in the protein structure
Cysteine
has a reactive sulfur-containing thiol group that can form disulfide bonds disulfide bonds are broken by chemical treatments
polar amino acid
have a hydrophilic side chain
non-polar amino acid
have a hydrophobic side chain
electrically charged amino acids
help stabilize the protein's structure and mediate protein-chain interactions
positively charged
histidine, arginine, lysine
Enzymes ____ the rates of chemical reactions in living things
increases
non-polar is located on the _____ of the protein structure
interior
Peptide
is any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one amino acid is bonded to the carboxyl group of another amino acid
helix protein
may coil into a regular spiral
basic
means high ph
acidic
means low ph
Coenzymes
need nonprotein to assist transformation
Aliphatic
no benzene ring
irregular folding protein
no specific order
A peptide with more than 10 amino acids is a _____
polypeptide
A peptide with more than 100 amino acids is a _____
protein
polar amino acids
serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine
polar is located on the _____ of the protein structure
surface
Peptide Bond
the amide bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen in the amino group of the next amino acid in the peptide chain
Glycine
the simplest amino acid with no side chains it has a hydrogen as it's R group
chain protein
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
How do Enzymes work?
An enzyme-substrate complex is formed when an enzyme molecule and a substrate molecule are joined
Alanine
Ala non-polar
