BIOL 1001 (Fall 2016) - Chapter 4

A(n) __________ is a small, hollow strand of the protein tubulin that enables movement of cell structures and is a major component of cilia and flagella.

microtubule

How are the jobs of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast related? Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into sugar. Chloroplasts produce energy, whereas mitochondria use energy. Chloroplasts perform cellular respiration, whereas mitochondria perform photosynthesis. Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP. Chloroplasts produce sugar, whereas mitochondria produce oxygen.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA? DNA copies RNA to make proteins. RNA is a temporary copy of DNA that is used to make proteins. Some cells use DNA to make proteins, whereas others use RNA. Parent cells make a DNA copy of their RNA to give to their daughter cells. Parent cells make an RNA copy of their DNA to give to their daughter cells. RNA copies DNA in order to make proteins.

RNA is a temporary copy of DNA that is used to make proteins.

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells? microtubules microfilaments and intermediate filaments microfilaments microtubules and intermediate filaments intermediate filaments

microfilaments

What feature is common in all cells? All cells have a plasma membrane. All cells have a nucleus. All cells have a cell wall. All cells have mitochondria. All cells have a flagellum.

All cells have a plasma membrane.

Which of the statements below would not be valid in supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis (as it pertains to mitochondria and chloroplasts)? Both have enzymes to synthesize ATP. Both have identical DNA contained within them and perform the same functions. Both have a double membrane; the outer possibly coming from the host cell and the inner from the guest cell. Both are about the size of prokaryotic cells (1""5 micrometers in diameter). Both possess DNA and ribosomes.

Both have identical DNA contained within them and perform the same functions.

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell? Both processes involve the cell wall. Both processes involve the nucleolus. Both processes involve mitochondria. Both processes involve the formation of vesicles. Both processes involve vacuoles. Both processes involve the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.

_____________ is all of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, except for the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures? Most of the missing structures are made of protein. Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane. Most of the missing structures are small. Most of the missing structures contain DNA. Most of the missing structures are part of energy generation.

Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane.

A(n) ______________ cell lacks a nucleus. A(n) __________________ cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Prokaryotic; Eukaryotic

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells? central vacuole cilia mitochondria cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm

cell wall

The structure in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place is known as the ____________________.

chloroplast

Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions? chrom-, aqu- (or aqua-), -elle, bi-, -some (or soma-), inter-, trans- color: water: little, small: two: body: between: across:

color: chrom- water: aqu- (or aqua-) little, small: -elle two: bi- body: -some (or soma-) between: inter- across: trans-

The ____________________ is a system of membranes and channels where proteins and lipids are synthesized.

endoplasmic reticulum

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-bound nucleus? large cell prokaryotic cell fungal cell bacterial cell archaeal cell

fungal cell

Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions? -phyll, sym-, -plasm, hypo-, micro-, phago-, hyper- leaf: same: formed substance: below, less than: small: eat: above, greater than:

leaf: -phyll same: sym- formed substance: -plasm below, less than: hypo- small: micro- eat: phago- above, greater than: hyper-

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? lipid manufacture protein manufacture protection protein modification respiration transport between organelles

lipid manufacture

A(n) _________________ is a membrane-bound cell structure that digests worn-out cellular material and foreign matter that enters the cell.

lysosome

The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order? nucleus, nucleolus, vesicle, rough ER, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, vesicle nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle nucleolus, smooth ER, vesicle, Golgi apparatus nucleus, vesicle, smooth ER, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, vesicle smooth ER, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, vesicle nucleolus, rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle

nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

The nucleus is an example of a cell _____________, one of a number of tiny membrane-enclosed structures found in many cells.

organelle

Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotic cells? cell shape DNA movement cell division nuclear shape organelle movement cell movement

organelle movement

Which cellular structure has the most in common with the nuclear envelope? cell wall ribosomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane

plasma membrane

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog embryo, mitochondrion, prokaryote, virus, atom? mitochondrion virus atom frog embryo prokaryote

prokaryote

Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell? centrioles nucleolus carbohydrates Vacuoles lysosomes ribosomes

ribosomes

Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions? a- (or an-), endo-, chloro-, ex-, mito-, -cyte (or cyto-), eu- without, lack of, not: inside, inner: green: out of: thread: cell: true, good:

without, lack of, not: a- (or an-) inside, inner: endo- green: chloro- out of: ex- thread: mito- cell: -cyte (or cyto-) true, good: eu-