BIOL 1144 - Ch 42 - Anatomy of the Reproductive System - Male Section Only

Reproductive System Function: P_______ the species

Perpetuate the species

Microscopic Anatomy of Testes T_____ A_____: dense connective tissue covering the testes and dividing it into a number of lobes

Tunica albuginea

When does the reproductive system begin its biological function(the perpetuation of the species)?

at puberty.

The (interstitial endocrine cells or seminiferous tubules) produce testosterone, the hormonal product of the testis.

interstitial endocrine cells produce testosterone

Testes (Singular Testis) • Lie in (1) S______ outside the (2) A______ Cavity

• Lie in Scrotum outside the Abdominopelvic Cavity

Slides - Testis Spermatogenesis (iron hematoxylin)

Testies Spermatogenesis (iron hematoxylin)

Testis - Internet

Testis - Internet

Portion of the urethra between the prostate and the penis

Intermediate part of the urethra

Muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory duct; in the spermatic cord

ductus (vas) deferens

Sperm maturation site

epididymis

The reproductive role of the male is to _____ ______ and to deliver them to the female reproductive tract.

manufacture sperm

Location of the testis in adult males

scrotum

The paired oval testes lie in the (scrotum or prostate) outside the abdominopelvic cavity, where they are kept slightly cooler than body temperature.

scrotum

Epididymis (Internet) #1

Mediastinum and Epididymis

Loose fold of skin encircling the glans penis

Prepuce

Loose skin of the penis is called? Two names.

Prepuce or foreskin

Slide - Testis - (Web)

Testis - Web

Slides - Testis - (Web)

Testis - Web

Interstitial cells: produce which hormone?

Testosterone

The Cells of the Epididymis: Identify the stereocilia of the pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining. What is the function?

These nonmotile microvilli absorb excess fluid and pass nutrients to the sperm in the lumen.

A common part of any physical examination of the male is palpation of the prostate. How is this accomplished?

Through the anterior wall of the rectum

After sperm are produced, they enter the first part of the duct system, the ________. a. ductus deferens b. ejaculatory duct c. epididymis d. urethra

c. epididymis

Why are the testes located in the scrotum rather than inside the ventral body cavity? Testes are located in the scrotum to provide a slightly _______ temperature necessary for sperm production.

cooler

Using the following terms, trace the pathway of sperm from the testes to the urethra (put in order): rete testis epididymis seminiferous tubule ductus deferens

seminiferous tubule → rete testis → epididymis → ductus deferens

Transports both sperm and urine

spongy urethra

The essential organs of reproduction are the _________, which produce the sex (germ) cells. a. accessory male glands b. gonads c. seminal glands d. uterus

b. gonads

Copulatory organ and Penetrating device

Penis

Slides - Penis - (Immature) Slide (Class)

Penis - (Immature Slide) (Class)

Slides - Penis - (Immature) Slide (Web)

Penis - (Immature) Slide (Web)

Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles - On posterior bladder - Secrete fluids and substances which constitute (1) ____% of semen - Their ducts join vas deferens - Sperm and seminal fluid mix in (2) E_____ D_____

(1) 70% (2) Ejaculatory Duct

Accessory Glands: Bulbourethral glands - Lubricant - (1) A_____ mucus to neutralize traces of (2) A_____ urine

(1) Alkaline (2) Acidic

Match the descriptions to either: • Prostate • Bulbo-urethral glands (1) alkaline (2) milky (3) clear (4) slightly acidic

(1) Bulbo-urethral glands alkaline (2) Prostate (3) Bulbo-urethral glands alkaline (4) Prostate

The testis is divided into a number of lobes by connective tissue. Each of these lobes contains one to four (1) S_______ tubules, which converge to empty sperm into another set of tubules called the (2) _____testis.

(1) seminiferous tubules (2) rete

• Accessory Sex Organs - Internal (1) G_____ and (2) D_____ - External (3) G_____

- Internal glands and ducts - External genitalia

H______ of the prostate, a troublesome condition commonly seen in elderly men, constricts the urethra so that urination is difficult.

Hypertrophy

Seminal Gland: The glandular secretion in the lumen, a viscous substance that is rich in fructose and P_________.

Prostaglandins

Empties a secretion into the prostatic urethra

Prostate

Which gland has highly folded mucosa giving the lumen a honeycomb look?

Seminal Gland

The sperm-forming factories?

Seminiferous tubules

Slide - Prostate - Internet

Slide - Prostate - Internet

How many erectile bodies in the penis?

3

What structures compose the spermatic cord? • C______ tissue sheath - (extension of (2) a_______ fascia) • Ductus (3) deferens • (4) B_____ vessels • Nerves • (5) L_____ vessels

(1) Connective (2) Abdominal (3) deferens (4) Blood vessels Nerves (5) Lymph vessels

Testes (Singular Testis) Choose Correct Answer: • Temperature is (1) (cooler or warmer) in the scrotum • Internal body temp is too (2) (warm or cool) for viable sperm

(1) Cooler (2) Warm (approximately 94°F, or 34°C)

Name the Erectile Bodies in the Penis: (1) Pair dorsal cylinders: ____ ____ (2) Single Ventral: ____ ____

(1) Corpora cavernosa. (2) Corpus Spongiosum

Ducts of the Male Reproductive System (1) Vas deferens is also known as: _____ _____ What is enclosed along with blood vessels and nerves in a connective tissue sheath: (2) S_____ C_____

(1) Ductus deferens (2) Spermatic Cord

Ducts of the Male Reproductive System • First portion of the duct system: (1) E___________ (2) Provides a site for _________ (phrase)

(1) Epididymis (2) Provides a site for maturation of immature sperms

• Primary Sex Organs: Gonads - These produce the (1) G______ (sex cells) (2) S_____ in males (3) O_____(egg) in females - Endocrine function also: Secretion of Hormones

(1) Gametes (2) Sperm (3) Ovum

• Primary Sex Organs: (1) G_____ • (2)______ in males • (3)______ in females

(1) Gonads (2) Testis (3) Ovaries

Accessory Glands: Prostate: Secretes (1)______ fluid into urethra to (2) _______ the sperms

(1) Milky fluid (2) Activates the sperm

Semen: name all structures contributing to its formation. (1) P______ (secretes a slightly acidic, milky fluid) (2) Paired S_____ glands (produce 70% of seminal fluid) (3) Bulbo-______ glands (thick, clear, alkaline mucus)

(1) Prostate (2) Paired seminal glands (3) Bulbo-urethral glands

During ejaculation, contraction of the ejaculatory duct propels the sperm through the prostate to the (1) P______ Urethra, which in turn empties into the intermediate part of the urethra (also known as (2) M______ Urethra) and then into the (2) S_____ Urethra, which runs through the length of the penis to the body exterior.

(1) Prostatic Urethra (2) Membranous urethra (3) Spongy urethra

Penis: 3 parts (1) ____ (attached) (2) Free ____ or ____ (3) Enlarged tip called G____ penis

(1) Root (attached) (2) Free shaft or body (3) Enlarged tip called glans penis

Where is the Spermatic Cord located? Passes from the (1) s____ sac through the (2) _____ canal into the abdominal cavity

(1) Scrotal sac (2) Inguinal

Describe the composition of semen Consists of (1) s_____ plus (2) s_______ fluid, a viscous alkaline secretion containing (3) f_______.

(1) Sperm (2) Seminal fluid (3) Fructose

The Cells of the Urethra: The epithelial lining of the male urethra changes from (1) T_________ epithelium at the bladder end to (2) P_____ epithelium through prostatic, membranous and most of penile urethra. Eventually changing to nonkeratinizing (3) S____ S____ epithelium distally.

(1) Transitional (2) Pseudostratified (3) Stratified Squamous

The terminus of the ductus deferens enlarges to form the region called the (1) A_____, which empties into the (2) E_____ duct. • Prostatic urethra • Membranous urethra • Spongy urethra

(1) ampulla (2) ejaculatory duct.

Of what importance is the fact that seminal fluid is alkaline? It (1) ______ the sperm against the (2) _______ environment of the female reproductive tract.

(1) buffers (2) acidic

The primary reproductive organs of the male are the testes, which produce sperm and the male sex hormones. All other reproductive structures are (1) C______ or sources of (2) S______, which aid in the safe delivery of the sperm to the body exterior or female reproductive tract.

(1) conduits (2) secretions

Accessory Glands: Bulbourethral glands These glands are (1) (tiny or large), (2) (pea or bean)-shaped glands that are (3) (inferior or superior) to the prostate.

(1) tiny (2) pea-shaped (3) inferior to the prostate.

When a _________ is performed, a small incision is made in each side of the scrotum, and each ductus deferens is cut through or cauterized.

- Vasectomy Although sperm are still produced, they can no longer reach the body exterior; thus a man is sterile after this procedure.

Each lobe of the Tunica Albuginea contains 1 to __ coiled S_____ tubules which make sperm

1 to 4 Seminiferous

What is the function of the cavernous bodies seen in the penis? This tissue can become engorged with ______, thus making the penis stiff and more effective as a ______ device.

Blood Penetrating device.

Empties a secretion into intermediate part of urethra

Bulbo-urethral glands

Name this Gland: The relative alkalinity of seminal fluid also buffers the sperm against the acidity of the female reproductive tract.

Bulbourethral glands

Name this Gland: This secretion lubricates the tip of the penis and neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra just prior to ejaculation of semen

Bulbourethral glands

On the Road with Semen: SEVEN UP acronym: Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct N • Urethra Penis

But do note, the true route has a few more locations: Seminiferous tubules Rete testis Epididymis Vas Deferens Ampulla Ejaculatory Duct Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of the urethra Spongy urethra Penis

How might enlargement of the prostate interfere with urination or the reproductive ability of the male?

Constriction of the urethra at that point may prevent passage of urine or semen.

Two layers of smooth muscle surround the seminal gland, an inner C_____ layer and an outer L_____ layer.

Inner Circular Layer Outer Longitudinal Layer.

Slide - Prostate Older Adult

Slide - Prostate Older Adult

Why smooth muscle in the epididymis?

Smooth muscle layer to contract and move the nonmotile sperm.

Sperm - Rat Smear

Sperm - Rat Smear

List the two principal functions of the testis. S______ production T______ production

Sperm production Testosterone production

The primary functions of the testes are to produce sperm and to produce androgens, primarily testosterone. What is another name for producing sperm?

Spermatogenesis

The prostate, seminal glands, and bulbo-urethral glands produce ________ , the liquid medium in which sperm leaves the body. a. seminal fluid b. testosterone c. urine d. water

a. seminal fluid