BIOL 155 Exam 5

Consider a red blood cell traveling in the renal artery. It passes through several different functional vessels before entering the renal vein. Consider the vessels listed below. Which one of the following answers lists the CORRECT order in which the red blood cell passes through these vessels? peritubular capillaries efferent arteriole afferent arteriole glomerulus renal vein

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on which one of the following?

Active Transport

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?

Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH

Histamine is released by neutrophils to induce an inflammation response when tissues become damaged. (T/F)

False

The alpha, beta, and delta cells located in the islets of Langerhans of the thyroid produce three different hormones that are important in the regulation of sodium and potassium levels of the blood. (T/F)

False

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen?

Red pulp of the spleen removes microorganisms.

Which immune system cell must be presented with antigen by an antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage, in order to become appropriately activated?

T lymphocyte

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

The four polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule are linked by disulfide bonds.

Chloride ions passively follow sodium that has been actively transported out of tubular cells, due to the attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions. (T/F)

True

Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells. (T/F)

True

Fever is a natural part of our body's defenses against microorganisms, especially bacteria. (T/F)

True

Osmotic concentration in the descending limb of the loop of Henle increases as water moves out. (T/F)

True

The thymus produces two peptides that function to

aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

antibodies

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially

becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins.

Aldosterone is secreted:

contribute to maintenance of salt balance

The hairpin design of the loop of Henle allows events on one side of the loop to influence the events on the other side, by a process referred to as:

countercurrent exchange

Nonsteroid hormones cause the production of ATP from cAMP. (T/F)

false

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects?

glucagon, insulin

All of the following may result from untreated diabetes mellitus EXCEPT which one?

increase susceptibility to cancer

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine

Transports lymph in the body:

lymphatic vessel

Which of the following infectious agents is composed entirely and exclusively of protein?

prion

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by:

promoting fat utilization

The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are:

proteins

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption (65 - 70%) occur?

proximal tube

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because:

target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone.