biol 2273 ch 11
a neuron with one axon and one dendrite is a ______ neuron.
bipolar
identify the components of the peripheral nervous system: a. spinal cord b. brain c. sensory receptors d. ganglia e. nerves
c, d, and e
a plexus may best be described as a ______.
complex network of axons (and in some cases, neuron cell bodies) outside the CNS
branched cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron that receive input and transmit signals toward the cell body are _______.
dendrites
in the nervous system, the term ________ refers to signal conduction from the CNS to effectors.
efferent
the motor division is synonymous with the ______ division of the nervous system.
efferent
The free surface of _________ cells assists in the movement of cerebral spinal fluid
ependymal
the free surface of _______ cells assists in the movement of cerebral spinal fluid.
ependymal
groups of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system are called ______.
ganglia
nerve tissue consisting primarily of cell bodies and their dendrites is often referred to as ______ matter.
gray
myelin has a high _____ concentration.
lipid
the neuroglial cells that phagocytize dead tissue and foreign substances within the CNS are the _______.
microglia
the brain, nerves, and sensory receptors are all part of the ____ system.
nervous
the two major control systems in the body are the _____ system and the ______ system.
nervous, endocrine
the general class of cells in the nervous system that protect nerve cells and help them function are called ______ cells.
neuroglial
a cell that receives stimuli and transmits action potentials to other nerve cells or effector organs is a ______.
neuron
the structural unit of the nervous system that consists of a cell body, dendrites and an axon is the _________.
neuron
the general types of cells that make up the nervous systems are ______ and _______.
neurons, neuroglia
identify the structures controlled by the autonomic nervous system: a. cardiac muscle b. smooth muscle c. glands d. skeletal muscle e. receptors
a, b, and c
identify the functions of the nervous system: a. receiving sensory input b. integrating information c. controlling protein synthesis d. stimulating muscle growth e. controlling muscles and glands
a, b, and e
neurons are able to interact with which of the following to form a synapse: a. glands b. smooth muscle cells c. skeletal muscle cells d. long bones of the skeleton e. cardiac cells f. hormones g. other neurons
a, b, c, e, and g
Cells found in the peripheral nervous system that are responsible for forming myelin are ______ cells.
schwann
neurons that are found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway are called ______.
association
glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are innervated by the ______ division of the motor nervous system.
autonomic
a nerve is defined as a bundle of _______.
axons with the peripheral nervous system
identify all of the bases for neuron classification: a. size b. function c. location d. structure
b and d
identify the structural types of neurons: a. afferent neuron b. bipolar neuron c. pseudo-unipolar d. efferent neuron e. interneuron f. multipolar neuron
b, c, and f
afferent neurons carry information ______.
toward the cns
groups of related nerve cell bodies located outside of the central nervous system are called _____.
ganglia
the ______ matter of the cerebrum, making up the cortex and deeper nuclei, is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies.
gray
the _______ matter of the cerebrum, making up the cortex and deeper nuclei, is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies.
gray
identify the statement that best differentiates gray matter and white matter.
gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites whereas white matter consists mostly of myelinated axons
identify the function of the myelin sheath
insulating the axon
the category of cells of the nervous system that support and protect neurons are called _____.
neuroglia
there are several types of support cells within the nervous system. as a group, these support cells are called _______.
neuroglia
on myelinated axons, small gaps exist between adjacent schwann cells; these gaps are known as _______ of _______.
nodes, ranvier
all of the nervous tissue outside the central nervous system is categorized as belonging to the _______ nervous system.
peripheral
schwann cells and satellite cells are examples of neuroglial cells in the _____ nervous system.
peripheral
the specific cell that is responsible for producing myelin in the PNS is the _______ cells.
schwann
select the item that is NOT a component of a neuron
myelin
select all of the cell types that are components of the nervous system a. neurons b. neurite c. neuroglia d. myoglia
a and c
choose the neuroglial cell types found in the peripheral nervous system: a. schwann cells b. microglia c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes e. satellite cells
a and e
identify the two functional sub-divisions of the peripheral nervous system: a. sensory division b. spinal cord c. parasympathetic nervous system d. brain e. motor division f. sympathetic nervous system
a and e
the sensory division is also known as the ______ division of the nervous system.
afferent
match the neuronal pathways and circuits with the correct definition. pathways: convergent pathways, divergent pathway, oscillating circuit definition: neurons arranged in a circular fashion that are repeatedly stimulated to produce action potentials, a pathway where several neurons synapse with a smaller number of neurons, a pathway where a small number of neurons synapse with a larger number of neurons
convergent pathway-a pathway where several neurons synapse with a smaller number of neurons divergent pathway-a pathway where a small number of neurons synapse with a larger number of neurons oscillating circuit-neurons arranged in a circular fashion that are repeatedly stimulated to produce action potentials
match each cell of the nervous system with the correct description: cell: multi-polar neuron, bipolar neuron, afferent neuron, efferent neuron description: a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the CNS towards muscles and glands, a neuron with one dendrite and one axon, a neuron with many cytoplasmic extensions and one axon, a neuron that transmits action potentials towards the CNS
multipolar neuron-a neuron with many cytoplasmic extensions and one axon bipolar neuron-a neuron with one dendrite and one axon afferent neuron-a neuron that transmits action potentials towards the CNS efferent neuron-a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the CNS towards muscles and glands
match the following terms with the correct definitions: terms: nucleus, ganglion, tract, nerve definitions: a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the PNS, bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the CNS, a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the CNS, bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS
nucleus-a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the CNS ganglion-a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the PNS tract-bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the CNS nerve-bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS
a specialized structure designed to detect temperature, touch, pain, and other stimuli is a ________.
sensory receptor
list the components of the peripheral nervous system
sensory receptors and nerves
arrangement of cell processes relative to the neuron cell body is the basis for _____ neuron classification.
structural
neurons are classified by which of the following?
structure and function
the somatic nervous system is the sub-division of the efferent division that transmits electrical impulses from ______.
the CNS towards skeletal muscles
match each division of the nervous system with the correct description. division: CNS, PNS, ANS, SNS, afferent division, efferent division, ENS description: transmits information to skeletal muscle, detects stimuli and transmits information to and receives information from the CNS, transmits information from the CNS to muscles and glands, transmits information from receptors to the CNS, processes information initiates responses and integrates mental processes, transmits information to cardiac muscle and glands, independent sub-division that controls the digestive tract
CNS-processes information initiates responses and integrates mental processes PNS-detects stimuli and transmits information to and receives information from the CNS ANS-transmits information to cardiac muscle and glands SNS-transmits information to skeletal muscle afferent division-transmits information from receptors to the CNS efferent division-transmits information from the CNS to muscles and glands ENS-independent sub-division that controls the digestive tract
identify the functions of astrocytes: a. promotion of the formation of synapses b. production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid c. formation of myelin sheaths in the CNS d. regulation of synaptic activity e. synthesis of neurotransmitters
a, d, and e
identify the descriptor that is NOT a structural type of neuron
afferent neuron
match each cell of the nervous system with the correct description: cell: afferent neuron, efferent . neuron, interneuron description: a neuron that conducts action potentials between neurons within the CNS, a neuron that transmits action potentials towards the CNS, a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the CNS towards muscles and glands
afferent neuron-a neuron that transmits action potentials towards the CNS efferent neuron-a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the CNS towards muscles and glands interneuron-a neuron that conducts action potentials between neurons within the CNS
the star-shaped neuroglia with cytoplasmic processes extending outward from the cell body are _______.
astrocytes
identify the components of the nervous system: a. adrenal cortex b. brain c. spinal cord d. sensory receptors e. nerves
b, c, d, and e
select the components of the central nervous sytem
brain and spinal cord
which items are continuous with each other at the foramen magnum?
brain and spinal cord
the central nervous system consists of the ________, which is found within the skull, and the ______ _______, which is found within the vertebral canal.
brain, spinal cord
the motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the ______ and the ______ subdivisions. a. afferent b. efferent c. autonomic d. somatic
c and d
match the parts of a neuron with the correct description: parts: cell body, axon, dendrite, nissl body, collaterals description: process of a neuron that receives stimuli and generates local potentials, enlarged portion of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles, rough endoplasmic reticulum of a neuron responsible for protein synthesis, branches of an axon, process of a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the cell body
cell body-enlarged portion of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles axon-process of a neuron that transmits action potentials away from the cell body dendrite-process of a neuron that receives stimuli and generates local potentials nissl body-rough endoplasmic reticulum of a neuron responsible for protein synthesis collaterals-branches of an axon
the division of the nervous system that is responsible for processing, integrating, storing and responding to information is the _______ nervous system.
central
match each functional neuron with the correct description. neuron: neurons: sensory, motor, interneuron description: conducts impulses away from the CNS, conducts impulses from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS, conducts impulses towards the CNS
sensory-conducts impulses towards the CNS motor-conducts impulses away from he CNS interneuron-conducts impulses from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS
the division of the peripheral nervous system that carries nerve signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ______ division.
somatic motor
a junction between a neuron and another cell is called a _______.
synapse
