Biol 3840: Chp 19 - Arthropods, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Arthropods are ecdysozoan protostomes belonging to clade ____________.

Panarthropoda

What is considered to be the most species-rich and diverse phylum in the animal kingdom?

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Chelicerata consists of Class Arachnida, Class Merostomata, and Class __________________.

Pycnogonida

___________________, or the cross-linkage of protein in the outer epicuticle, acts to harden and stabilize the arthropod cuticle.

Sclerotization

Scorpions belong to Order ______________

Scorpiones

True or false: Arthropods are members of perhaps the most species-rich and diverse phylum in the animal kingdom.

True

True or false: Spiders use silk to construct egg sacs.

True Reason: A spider's silk threads serve many functions, including but not limited to nest lining, prey capture and wrapping, and egg sac construction.

Spiders usually precede mating with some type of ________ ritual.

courtship

Scorpion tagmata bear two to five pairs of small ______________ eyes and one pair of larger __________________ eyes.

lateral; median

Diplopoda species are ______ active than centipedes.

less

Chilopoda possess claws connected to venom glands to kill prey and possess ________________ for chewing their prey.

mandibles

Scorpions have ______ chelicerae and ______ pedipalps, which are modified claws used for feeding.

small:large

A spider's abdominal silk gland is connected to a web-spinning organ called a

spinneret.

Both the tracheal and excretory systems in spiders and insects are products of _________ evolution.

Convergent Reason: Spiders and insects independently evolved these structures.

Chelicerate arthropods are characterized by a pair of pedipalps, a pair of chelicerae, and ______ pairs of walking legs.

Four

Oxygen is delivered to parts of a spider's body by means of

tracheae and book lungs.

True or false: Scientists postulate that the tracheae in spiders and insects are homologous and are therefore a product of divergent evolution.

False

Eurypterids and horseshoe crabs belong to Class _______________ within Subphylum Chelicerata.

Merostomata

Eurypterids and horseshoe crabs belong to Class __________________ within Subphylum Chelicerata.

Merostomata

The term __________________ means "many footed".

Myriapoda

Put the steps of spider reproduction in order, beginning at the top with the courtship ritual. - The male's pedipalps are inserted into the female genital opening - The male spider collects and stores the sperm in his pedipalp cavities - The male spider spins a web - Sperm is stored in the female's seminal receptacles - The female spider lays her eggs in a silk cocoon. - Sperm is deposited on the web.

1. The male spider spins a web 2. Sperm is deposited on the web 3. The male spider collects and stores the sperm in his pedipalp cavities. 4. the male's pedipalps are inserted into the female genital opening 5. Sperm is stored in the female's seminal receptacles. 6. The female spider lays her eggs in a silk cocoon.

Scorpions make up approximately ______ species and are distributed worldwide.

1400

The stinger of a scorpion is comprised of which of the following? A. Barb B. Base C. Pedipalps D. Setae

A. Barb B. Base

Select all of the following spiders that render harmful and sometimes fatal bites. A. Black widow B. Jumping spider C. Tarantula D. Brown recluse

A. Black widow D. Brown recluse

Select all of the subphyla of Arthropoda. A. Crustacea B. Mollusca C. Chelicerata D. Trilobita E. Onychophora F. Myriapoda G. Hexapoda

A. Crustacea C. Chelicerata D. Trilobita F. Myriapoda G. Hexapoda

In addition to providing a place of retreat, a spider's silk threads play a role in which of the following? A. Egg sac construction B. Balance C. Prey capture D. Waste excretion E. Nest lining

A. Egg sac construction C. Prey capture E. Nest lining

Within the subphylum Chelicerata, select all organisms belonging to class Merostomata. A. Hoseshoe crabs B. Sea spiders C. Eurypterids D. Trilobites

A. Hoseshoe crabs C. Eurypterids

The arthropod exoskeleton confers which of the following selective advantages? Multiple Selection A. It permits moveable joints B. It provides a point of attachment for muscles C. It provides protection. D. It expands to allow for rapid growth. E. It is relatively permeable to water.

A. It permits moveable joints B. It provides a point of attachment for muscles C. It provides protection

The scorpion cephalothorax is comprised of which of the following? A. Legs B. Mandible C. Abdomen D. Pedipalps E. Chelicerae

A. Legs D. Pedipalps E. Chelicerae

Based on the following cladogram, select all features shared by the three subphyla of mandibulates share what features. A. Mandibles B. Compound eye C. Chitinous exoskeleton D. Loss of Antennae

A. Mandibles C. Chitinous exoskeleton

Based on the following cladogram, select all features shared by the three subphyla of mandibulates share what features. A. Mandibles B. Loss of antennae C. Compound eye D. Chitinous exoskeleton

A. Mandibles D. Chitinous exoskeleton

Select all of the following that are included in Order Acari. A. Mites B. Sea spiders C. Ticks D. Scorpions

A. Mites C. Ticks

The eight simple eyes in spiders contain which of the following structures? A. Optic rods B. Lens C. Groups of ocelli D. Retina

A. Optic rods B. Lens D. Retina

Centipedes have which of the following features? A. Pair of mandibles B. Elongated heart C. Metanephridia D. Malpighian tubules

A. Pair of mandibles B. Elongated heart D. Malpighian tubules

Arthropods play a role in which of the following? A. Produce products such as silk and honey B. Synthesize their essential organic molecules from inorganic sources. C. Serve as a source of human food. D. Spread serious diseases. E. Inhibit the control of weeds.

A. Produce products such as silk and honey C. Serve as a source of human food. D. Spread serious diseases.

Select all of the following that are arthropods. A. Spiders B. Centipedes C. Insects D. Annelids E. Crustaceans

A. Spiders B. Centipedes C. Insects E. Crustaceans

Select all characteristics of members belonging to Class Diplopoda. A. They live in moist environments. B. They are parasitic. C. They posses a dorsoventrally flattened body. D. They are herbivorous.

A. They live in moist environments. D. They are herbivorous.

Members of the order ________________ are the most medically and economically important group of arachnids.

Acari

Mites and ticks belong to Order _______________ within the Class Arachnida.

Acari

Which of the following orders exceeds the others in terms of species richness?

Acari

Spiders and scorpions belong to what class?

Arachnida

Whip scorpions, mites, and ticks belong to Class __________________ within Subphylum Chelicerata.

Arachnida

Ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crabs, and locusts are all members of Phylum ______________.

Arthropods

Select all of the following that are members of the subphylum Chelicerata. A. Sucking lice B. Horseshoe crabs C. Ticks D. Millipedes E. Sea Spiders

B. Horseshoe crabs C. Ticks E. Sea spiders

Arthropods share which of the following common features? A. Visceral mass B. Jointed appendages C. Segmented bodies D. Parapodia E. Exoskeleton

B. Jointed appendages C. Segmented bodies E. Exoskeleton

Select all of the products generated by arthropods. A. Agar B. Silk C. Beeswax D. Honey E. Dyes

B. Silk C. Beeswax D. Honey E. Dyes

Which of the following are characteristics of members in Class Arachnida? A. They are herbivorous. B. They are parasitic. C. They are terrestrial. D. They are aquatic. E. They are predatory.

B. They are parasitic. C. They are terrestrial. D. They are aquatic. E. They are predatory.

Select all true statements about scorpion feeding. A. They shred prey with their mandibles. B. They seize prey with their pedipalps. C. They feed primarily on small reptiles. D. They are nocturnal feeders

B. They seize prey with their pedipalps. D. They are nocturnal feeders

Scorpions are more common in _______ zones. A. aquatic B. subtropical C. tropical D. temperate

B. subtropical C. tropical

Select all of the characteristics of members of Subphylum Chelicerata. A. two pairs of antennae B. two tagmata C. mandibles D. four pairs of walking legs

B. two tagmata D. four pairs of walking legs

Spiders can breathe air using parallel air pockets called ____________ lungs and a system of air tubes called tracheae.

Book

Select all of the classes within the subphylum Chelicerata. A. Diplopoda B. Trilobita C. Pycnogonida D. Arachnida E. Merostomata

C. Pycnogonida D. Arachnida E. Merostomata

Class Chilopoda includes what arthropods?

Centipedes

Horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, and ticks belong to Subphylum _________________.

Chelicerata

Centipedes are members of Class ____________________ in subphylum Myriapoda.

Chilopoda

Sclerotization means which of the following?

Cross-linking of proteins in the epicuticle.

Based on the following cladogram, subphlyum Myriapoda is more closely related to subphylum ______ than to subphylum ______.

Crustacea; Chelicerata

In spiders and other taxa, structures called _________________ ________________ work in conjunction with rectal glands and function as an excretory organ to remove wastes.

Malpighian tubules

The term "myriapod" means which of the following?

Many footed

A scorpion mother carries her young on her back until

after their first molt.

Centipedes belonging to class Chilopoda are ________.

carnivores

All species in Class Arachnida have a fused head and thorax called a __________________.

cephalothorax or prosoma

All arthropods have a distinctive, lightweight ______________ which is composed of chitin and proteins and provides protection while allowing efficient locomotion.

cuticle

Arthropods possess jointed appendages, segmented bodies and a chitinous _____________.

cuticle

Arthropods are _______ ________ belonging to clade Panarthropoda.

ecdysozoan protostomes

Spiders typically have ______ eyes, which are used to sense movement.

eight, simple

Arthropods are currently divided into ______ subphyla.

five

A scorpion's stinger consists of a bulbous base and curved barb and is located on the ______ segment of its body.

last

In spiders a leglike structure called a ______ has sensory functions and also serves to transfer sperm in males.

pedipalps

A spider's silk is composed of _______, which hardens to form a silk thread.

protein

All species in Class Arachnida have two _______, which consists of a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

tagmata

In arthropods, body segments are often combined or fused into into functional units called __________________.

tagmata

The head and thorax of arthropods are ______, which are functional groups of fused segments.

tagmata

Members in class Myriapoda have _______ pairs of Malpighian tubules to facilitate excretion.

two

Scorpions are ________________, meaning that their offspring develop within the female's reproductive tract.

viviparous

The colonization of land by spiders and insects is attributable to the retention of ______, made possible by their excretory system.

water and potassium