BIOL MIDTERM 1
The entire DNA library in the cell nucleus is divided into sections called: a. Genes b. Chromosomes c. mRNA d. Ribosomes
b. Chromosomes
What do bacterial cells have that animal cells lack? a. cell membrane b. cell nucleus c. nucleolus d. cell wall e. DNA
d. cell wall
Levels of protein structure (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary) 1. Alpha helix 2. beta pleated sheets 3. amino acid sequence 4. Functional enzymes 5. 3D glogbulin
1. Alpha helix = secondary 2. beta pleated sheets = secondary 3. amino acid sequence = primary 4. Functional enzymes = quarternary 5. 3D glogbulin = teritary
Match monomer to polymer: (A. protein, B. Cellulose C. Triglyceride D. DNA ) 1. nucleotide 2. amino acid 3. glucose 4. fatty acid
1. nucleotide = DNA 2. amino acid = PRTEIN 3. glucose = CELLULOSE 4. fatty acid = TRIGLYCERIDES
Know the cell organelles and their functions of Eukaryotes 1. cell nucleus 2. nucleolus 3. ribosome 4. endoplasmic reticulum 5. golgi apparatus 6. cytoplasm 7. cytoplasmic membrane 8. vauole 9. mitochondrion 10. lysosome 11. centrioles
A. serves as container B. navigates mRNA out of the nucleus to meet with the Ribosomes C. separates inside the cell from outside D. contains and protects the DNA E. contains digestive enzymes F. produces most ATP's G. produces ribosomes H. translates mRNA into a polypeptide chain I. governs cell division J. fluid that serves as medium for most chemical reactions K. activates newly made protein
Which of the following dimensions of health involves one's relationship with him or herself? Select one: a. Social b. Emotional c. Spiritual d. Mental e. Physical
C.Spiritual
Oxygen atom likes to donate 2 electrons, that's why it always participates in a double bond with another atom. Select one: True False
FALSE
The fluid inside the cell (i.e. the cytoplasm) is also referred to as: a. Intercellular fluid b. Extracellular fluid c. Intracellular fluid d. Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
POLYMERS OF: starch ? DNA? LIPID? PROTEIN?
Starch = glucose DNA = nucleotide Lipid = Fatty acid Protein = amino acid
When two oxygen atoms form a bond with each other, they form: a molecule b. a compound c. a mixture d. an ion e. none of the above
a molecule (compound = 2 or more different elements)
At the end of Glycolysis, 1 Glucose molecule yields: a. 2 ATP molecules produced b. 17 ATP molecules produced c. 38 ATP molecules produced d. None of the above
a. 2 ATP molecules produced
Glycolysis alone can yield Select one: a. 2 ATP's b. 4 ATP's c. 28 ATP's d. 38 ATP's e. 17 ATP's
a. 2 ATP's
In the absence of oxygen, glucose can be used anaerobically to yield per each glucose molecule Select one: a. 2 ATP's b. 4 ATP's c. 28 ATP's d. 38 ATP's e. 17 ATP's
a. 2 ATP's
When animal cells do not receive adequate oxygen, they can use glucose anaerobically. Anaerobic respiration of glucose yields: a. 2 ATP's b. 17 ATP's c. 4 ATP's d. 38 ATP's
a. 2 ATP's
Homeostasis is: a. A state of balance b. The sum of all chemical reactions c. The study of organ functions d. The study of structure
a. A state of balance
If ATP is like a rechargeable battery, when it's discharged it becomes: a. ADP b. AMP c. Adenosine d. Adenine
a. ADP ** 3rd phosphate broken down making making it DIphosphate, and releasing energy
If ATP works like a rechargeable battery, then when the battery is discharged, it becomes: Select one: a. ADP + P b. AMP + 2P c. Phosphate groups d. Adenosine
a. ADP + P
Deamination of amino acids yields this metabolic waste product: a. Ammonia b. Uric acid c. Lactic acid d. Ketones
a. Ammonia
The entire DNA library is divided into sections, contained inside the cell's nucleus. These sections are called: Select one: a. Chromosomes b. Genes c. Double helixes d. RNA
a. Chromosomes
The adverse result of such chemical reaction is the production of: a. Cis-fats b. Saturated fats c. Trans-fats d. Polyunsaturated fats e. Cholesterol
a. Cis-fats
The reaction of converting monomers to polymers is Select one: a. Dehydration b. Hydration c. Hydrolysis d. Hydrogenation e. none of the above
a. Dehydration
Simple diffusion is when molecules move: a. Down the concentration gradient b. From lower concentration to higher concentration c. Through special membrane proteins d. By active transport
a. Down the concentration gradient facilitatef dif - cannot go on it own. needs membrane protein
Glucose is uptaken into cells from the blood stream via Select one: a. Facilitated diffusion b. Protein pump c. Endocytosis d. Simple diffusion
a. Facilitated diffusion
Lipid oxidation is caused by: Select one: a. Free radicals b. Pesticides c. free electrons d. microbes e. all of the above
a. Free radicals
Pyruvate is the product of: a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Electron Transport chain d. Respiration of glucose
a. Glycolysis
Which of the following processes in Glucose respiration does NOT require oxygen? a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Electron Transport Chain d. None - all require oxygen
a. Glycolysis
The Lowest form of energy is: a. Heat b. Chemical c. Electrical d. Light e. Matte
a. Heat
Water molecules move toward: a. Hypertonic solution b. Hypotonic solution c. Isotonic solution d. Epitonic solution e. Subtonic solution
a. Hypertonic solution ex. ranch = hypertonic = saltier so water moves towards it
When you eat carbohydrates, and they get digested into glucose molecules, as the glucose enters your blood stream from the gut, this hormone is produced: Select one: a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Adrenalin d. Steroid
a. Insulin
When one atom in a molecule donates electrons, and another atom accepts them, they participate in: a. Ionic bond b. Covalent bond c. Polar bond d. Hydrophobic interaction e. Hydrogen bond
a. Ionic bond
Which of the following is correct about matter? a. Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass b. Mass of matter is the weight of the matter c. Weight is a constant value d. Mass of matter is measured in pound
a. Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass
Endocytosis is: a. Movement of particles into the cell by forming a vesicle b. Movement of particles using special protein pumps c. Expelling particles from the cell d. A form of passive cross-membrane transport
a. Movement of particles into the cell by forming a vesicle endo = into exo = out
Draw an atom of Sodium (Na) to answer this question. Na is number 11 on the Periodic Table of Elements. Which one of the following is correct? a. Na becomes a cation with a charge of +1 b. Na becomes an anion with a charge of -7 c. Na becomes an anion with a charge of -1 d. Na stays neutral
a. Na becomes a cation with a charge of +1
Which of the following does NOT contain cholesterol? Select one: a. Peanut Butter b. Milk c. Beef d. Lard e. Chicken
a. Peanut Butter
2. Building and maintaining effective relationships with family and friends is part of: a. Physical Health Dimension b. Social Health Dimension c. Environmental Health Dimension d. Mental Health Dimension e. Spiritual Health Dimension
a. Physical Health Dimension b. Social Health Dimension
Which of the following is NOT true about DNA? Select one: a. Ribose is the central sugar in DNA monomers b. Phosphate groups are part of DNA monomers c. A's are matched with T's on complimenting strands of DNA d. C's are matched with G's on complimenting strands of DNA
a. Ribose is the central sugar in DNA
Oxygen molecules pass through the cell membrane by: Select one: a. Simple diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion c. Osmosis d. Phagocytosis e. Protein pump
a. Simple diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true about metabolic wastes of protein breakdown? Select one: a. Urea is turned into uric acid by the liver b. Ammonia can not be excreted as is c. Ammonia must be turned into excretable form by the liver d. Hyperammonemia may indicate liver failure e. Hyperuremia may indicate renal insufficiency of failure
a. Urea is turned into uric acid by the liver
Catabolic Reactions involve: Select one: a. converting polymers to monomers b. converting monomers to polymers c. converting organic molecules into inorganic ones d. converting inorganic molecules into organic ones
a. converting polymers to monomers
Free radicals are molecules that a. have an abnormal number of electrons b. have an abnormal number of atoms c. have an abnormal number of bonds d. none of these
a. have an abnormal number of electrons ** they bounce around other molecules making others have an uneven # of electron
Which of the following is true about Metabolism? a. it is the sum of Anabolism and Catabolism b. it is the rate of nutrient utilization c. it is digestion and utilization of nutrients d. Catabolic reactions are the reactions where small molecules are combined into large ones e. Anabolism is the breakdown of tissue
a. it is the sum of Anabolism and Catabolism
Which of the following is NOT true about ATP? Select one: a. it's made of DNA b. it contains a ribose molecule c. it contains an Adenine molecule d. the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups is a high-energy bond
a. it's made of DNA
The process of copying a single gene from the DNA library yields: a. mRNA b. Gene copy c. DNA d. Chromosome
a. mRNA
Genetic disorder is a. when a mutant gene gets passed on from a parent to offspring b. when a mutant gene is expressed in only 1 mutant cell in the body c. when a mutant gene is attacked and destroyed by the immune system d. none of the above
a. when a mutant gene gets passed on from a parent to offspring
Which of the following is NOT true about Ions? a. when atoms lose electrons they become negatively charged b. when atoms gain electrons they become anions c. cations are positively charged ions d. cations and anions are attracted to each other
a. when atoms lose electrons they become negatively charged
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Fat metabolism? Select one: a. when the body's blood glucose levels drop, fat is used to produce glucose b. fat can be used only aerobically c. fat can not be fermented, like glucose d. fatty acids are used mostly for ATP production, or otherwise stored as triglycerides
a. when the body's blood glucose levels drop, fat is used to produce glucose
organelle functions: golgi apparatus
activates proteins
Match the following levels of protein structure with their description: (you may choose some answers more than once) Primary , secondary, tertiary, quaternary amino acid sequence - alpha helix and beta sheet - 3-dimensional globulin - Active functional protein -
amino acid sequence - primary alpha helix and beta sheet - secondary 3-dimensional globulin - tertiary Active functional protein - quaternary
Which of the following is NOT true about amino acid catabolism? a. Deamination of amino acids yields ammonia b. Ammonia is excreted by the kidneys c. Ammonia is converted into urea by the liver d. Urea is eliminated in urine
b. Ammonia is excreted by the kidneys
Which one of the following NOT true about Metabolism? Select one: a. All metabolic reactions include catabolic and anabolic ones b. An example of an anabolic reaction would be break-down reactions c. All catabolic reactions convert larger molecules into smaller ones d. Metabolism is a sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
b. An example of an anabolic reaction would be break-down reactions (anabolic BUILDS)
Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between Prokarytes and Eukaryotes? Select one: a. Bacterial cells are more ancient than Eukaryotic cells b. Bacteria are more complex, because they have been around for billions of years c. Bacterial cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells d. Eukaryotes keep their DNA in the nucleus e. None- all are true
b. Bacteria are more complex, because they have been around for billions of years
Fatty acids can be broken into acetyl groups by: a. Hydrolysis b. Beta-oxidation c. Glycolysis d. Lipolysis e. Krebs cycle
b. Beta-oxidation
Which of the following is an Organic substance? a. H2O b. CH4 c. O2 d. C2
b. CH4 organic = "c" in the center
When glucose is metabolized aerobically, it is utilized completely to turn into: Select one: a. Alcohol b. Carbon dioxide and water c. Lactic acid d. Carbon monoxide
b. Carbon dioxide and water
The following is an example of a non-digestible polysaccharide: Select one: a. Amylose b. Cellulose c. Lactose d. Galactose e. Mannose
b. Cellulose
When two atoms form a bond, where atoms share electrons on the outermost orbits, they participate in: a. Ionic bond b. Covalent bond c. Polar bond d. Hydrophobic interaction e. Hydrogen bond
b. Covalent bond
Monomers are put together into Polymeric chains by reaction of: a. Hydrolysis b. Dehydration c. Hydration d. Hydrogenation
b. Dehydration - takes water out
Nucleotides of RNA do not include: a. Phosphate group b. Deoxyribose c. Uracil d. Adenine
b. Deoxyribose deoxyneucliodribose = DNA
Lipid oxidation is caused by: a. Hydrogenation b. Free radicals c. Saturation d. Hydrolysis
b. Free radicals - bounce around/ highly unstable
Byproduct of anaerobic respiration must be removed from cells, recycled, and turned back into glucose by the liver. This process is called: a. Glycogenesis b. Gluconeogenesis c. Glycogenolysis d. Glycolysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
If particles can move across the cell membrane between the solution in question #1 above(hypertonic) and the cytoplasm, then the net movement of the particles will be: a. Out of the cell b. Into the cell c. Neither
b. Into the cell when something outside (solution) is higher than inside, it will merge into it.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Protein pump? a. It uses special membrane proteins b. It happens spontaneously c. It involves moving particles against the concentration gradient d. It moves particles in order to create a concentration gradient e. It requires ATP'
b. It happens spontaneously
Which of the following is NOT true about intermolecular interactions? a. Polar molecules are attracted to each other b. Non-polar molecules are repulsed by each other c. Polar and non-polar molecules stay away from each other d. Non-polar molecules participate in hydrophobic interactions e. Polar molecules are hydrophilic
b. Non-polar molecules are repulsed by each other
When molecules can spontaneously move across cell membrane, it's called: a. Active transport b. Passive transport c. Protein transport d. Protein pump
b. Passive transport passive - no effort, squeeze through PL
Cytoplasmic membrane is composed of: Select one: a. Phospholipids and Triglycerides b. Phospholipids and Proteins c. Phospholipids and Cholesterol d. Triglycerides and Proteins
b. Phospholipids and Proteins
Amino acid breakdown for energy can join the main-steam metabolic pathway by entering at this step: Select one: a. Beta oxidation b. Pyruvate c. Glycolysis d. ETC
b. Pyruvate
Combustion reactions involve: a. All reactions to produce ATP's in all types of organisms b. Reactions of molecules with oxygen c. All cellular reactions that involve glucose d. None of these
b. Reactions of molecules with oxygen
The process of converting the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide is completed by this cell organelle: Select one: a. Nucleus b. Ribosome c. Golgi apparatus d. none - it happens spontaneously
b. Ribosome
Oxygen moves from lung alveoli into blood by: a. Active transport b. Simple diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. Osmosis
b. Simple diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true about energy and matter? a. The lowest form of energy is heat b. The highest form of energy is light c. Solid is the state of matter that has the lowest energy d. Gas is the state of matter that has the highest energy e. Energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed
b. The highest form of energy is light
Which of the following is the similarity between Protein Pump and Facilitated Diffusion? a. They both are a form of active transport b. They both require molecules passing through membrane protein c. They both move molecules against the concentration gradient d. They both move molecules from high concentration to low concentration
b. They both require molecules passing through membrane protein
Which of the following is true about Na/K pumps? Select one: a. They are an example of osmotic particle movement b. They move particles against concentration gradient c. They are found only in nerve cells that produce electric current d. They allow large molecules to move through special protein gates. e. You need them, because Na and K can not pass through the phospholipids bilayer.
b. They move particles against concentration gradient
The primary purpose of dietary protein is: a. To provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis b. To provide amino acids to make new proteins c. To serve as a source of energy d. To stimulate building muscle mass
b. To provide amino acids to make new proteins
Reading a sequence of nucleotides and decoding it into a sequence of amino acids that will make up a new protein is called: a. Transcription b. Translation c. Replication d. Activation
b. Translation "transSCRIPtion = maknga copy one 1 gene... making 1mRNA
Kidneys excrete this metabolic waste product of protein breakdown: Select one: a. Ammonia b. Urea c. Uric acid d. Nitrogen
b. Urea
Which of the following can slow down lipid oxidation or stop it altogether? a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin E c. Calcium d. Iron e. Vitamin B12
b. Vitamin E absorbing extra election keeping it trapped
When 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms join together, they form: a. a molecule b. a compound c. a mixture d. an ion e. none of the above
b. a compound
The high energy bond of the ATP molecule is: a. between first and second phosphate groups b. between second and third phosphate groups c. between adenine and ribose d. between ribose and phosphate group
b. between second and third phosphate groups ----> btwn ADP - Adenosine diphosphate and ATP - Adenosine triposphate
Dietary proteins are PRIMARILY meant to be used for: Select one: a. energy metabolism b. building blocks to make new proteins c. gluconeogenesis d. glucose, as the alternative source of energy
b. building blocks to make new proteins
The correct order of hierarchy of structures in the body (from simple to complex) is: a. cells, molecules, tissues, organs b. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems c. molecules, atoms, cells, organs d. organs, cells, systems, molecules
b. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Point mutation is a. change in a single amino acid in the polypeptide sequence b. change in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence in a gene c. change in a single nucleotide in mRNA due to a wrong transcription d. always ruins the entire gene e. a change in gene sequence created by genetic engineering
b. change in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence in a gene
Which of the following is NOT true about a messenger RNA? Select one: a. it's a copy of genetic material b. it's a copy of one chromosome c. it leaves the nucleus d. it gets translated into a primary protein structure
b. it's a copy of one chromosome
Which of the following is NOT true about intermolecular interactions? a. polar molecules are attracted to other polar molecules b. non-polar molecules are pushed away by other non-polar molecules c. polar molecules are repulsed by non-polar molecules d. non-polar molecules are hydrophobic e. polar molecules are hydrophilic
b. non-polar molecules are pushed away by other non-polar molecules
The covalent bond that holds amino acids together in a protein is called: Select one: a. hydrogen bond b. peptide bond c. polypeptide bond d. amino bond
b. peptide bond
Lipid oxidation causes fats to become: a. volatile b. rancid c. electric d. solid e. liquid
b. rancid ex. old nuts in the cab. taste bitter and sour taste because the fat became rancid due to lipid oxidation
Which of the following roles is Not a primary function of proteins in the body: a. hormone b. receptor c. enzyme d. structural molecule e. energy fuel
b. receptor
Which of the following is NOT correct about structure of atoms? Select one: a. the neutrons and protons are in the nucleus of the atom b. the first orbit around the nucleus takes maximum 8 electrons c. the second orbit around the nucleus takes maximum 8 electrons d. the third orbit around the nucleus takes maximum 8 electrons
b. the first orbit around the nucleus takes maximum 8 electrons
When a 10-carbon fatty acid gets used for ATP's completely, it will yield this many ATP molecules: Select one: a. 18 b. 38 c. 90 d. 180 e. 100
c. 90
This is a good source of unsaturated fat: a. Eggs b. Liver c. Almonds d. Coconuts
c. Almonds
Deamination of amino acids produces this metabolic waste product: Select one: a. Ketones b. Urea c. Ammonia d. Uric acid
c. Ammonia
Lithium and Fluorine can interact with each other, because: a. Lithium wants to give up 1 electron b. Fluorine wants to gain 1 electron c. Both A and B d. None of the above
c. Both A and B
The 6 most common elements in Biochemistry are: a. C, H, O, Na, S, P b. C, H, K, Na, S, P c. C, H, O, N, S, P d. Ca, H, O, N, S, P
c. C, H, O, N, S, P
When a glucose molecule is use aerobically, it gets utilized all the way. The byproducts of aerobic respiration are: a. Lactic Acid b. Ethanol c. Carbon Dioxide and Water d. Pyruvate e. Acetyl groups
c. Carbon Dioxide and Wate
In the Aerobic respiration of glucose, this metabolic step is irreversible: Select one: a. Production of pyruvate b. Glycolysis c. Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl group d. Conversion of pyruvate into lactic Acid
c. Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl group
Which of the following steps in Nutrient Processing is NOT completed by the Digestive System? a. Absorption b. Digestion c. Distribution d. Elimination
c. Distribution liver is distribution / detoxify; not digest
1. Keeping a clean and organized home and clutter-free work place is part of: a. Physical Health Dimension b. Social Health Dimension c. Environmental Health Dimension d. Mental Health Dimension e. Spiritual Health Dimension
c. Environmental Health Dimension
Glucose moves from blood into cells by: a. Active transport b. Simple diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true about the use of fats for energy? a. Fats can be used only aerobically b. Using fat for energy yields more ATP's than using glucose for energy c. Fat can be turned into glucose in case of hypoglycemia d. Fat is broken up into acetyl groups, which undergo krebs cycle and ETC e. Excess fat remains unused and gets stored in adipocytes
c. Fat can be turned into glucose in case of hypoglycemia fat never turns back into glucose cause it is acetyl group and that is irreversible
Which one is NOT one of the three steps in Cellular Aerobic Respiration? Select one: a. Krebs cycle b. Glycolysis c. Fermentation d. Electron Transport Chain
c. Fermentation
When ATP is used for energy to fuel body functions, it gets recharged, using the energy of: Select one: a. Oxygen b. Sun c. Food d. Movement
c. Food
Using food molecules to produce ATP's inside tissue cells is referred to as: a. Cellular respiration b. Cellular combustion c. Glucolysis d. Nutrient assimilation e. Anabolism
c. Glucolysis
After anaerobic respiration in skeletal muscles, lactic acid must be removed and taken to the liver to be converted back into glucose by the process called: Select one: a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Gluconeogenesis d. Fermentation
c. Gluconeogenesis
When a cell has a choice to use protein, fat, or glucose for fuel, the cell prefers: a. Protein b. Fat c. Glucose d. Water
c. Glucose
Which one of the following is Correct about Homeostasis? Select one: a. Homeostasis is a sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions b. Homeostasis is the rate of burning calories in the organism c. Homeostasis means balance of all functions in the organism d. None of the above are correct
c. Homeostasis means balance of all functions in the organism
The complimenting strands of DNA are attached to each other by bonds: Select one: a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Hydrogen d. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen
The following is a magnetic attraction between polar molecules: Select one: a. covalent bond b. Ionic bond c. Hydrogen bond d. Polar bond e. hydrophobic
c. Hydrogen bond
The matching strands of DNA are held together by: a. Covalent bonds b. Ionic bonds c. Hydrogen bonds d. Nucleic bonds e. Peptide bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
A fluid that has a concentration of particles higher than cytoplasm is considered: a. Hypotonic b. Epitonic c. Hypertonic d. Isotonic
c. Hypertonic HYPER = more higher hypo = less than
Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of anti-oxidants? Select one: a. Oranges b. Tomatoes c. Iceberg lettuce d. Blackberries e. Carrots
c. Iceberg lettuce
Which one of the following is Correct about Homeostasis? a. It is a sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions b. It is the rate of burning calories in the organism c. It means balance of all functions in the organism d. It is maintained by Nervous System only e. It is maintained by hormones only
c. It means balance of all functions in the organism
When amino acids get deaminated, the immediate product is: a. Glucose b. Ketones c. Ketoacids d. Pyruvate e. Lipids
c. Ketoacids
Anaerobic respiration of glucose in muscle cells results in the production of: a. Carbon dioxide and water b. Carbon Monoxide c. Lactic Acid d. Alcohol and water
c. Lactic Acid
Prostaglandins and Leukotriens work as Select one: a. Hormones b. Vitamins c. Local messengers d. structural molecules
c. Local messengers
Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain are performed by this cell organelle: Select one: a. Cytoplasmic membrane b. Cytoplasm c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic Reticulum e. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
Which of the following is a Pro-oxidant? a. Cold b. Heat c. Oxygen d. Water
c. Oxygen * pro-oxidants speeds up and promotes lipid oxi. oxygen radiation smoking alchohol UV light heavy metals
The following does NOT contain Cholesterol: a. Eggs b. Fish c. Peanut butter d. Milk
c. Peanut butter ** if it has a face it has cholesterol ***
28. The bonds that hold amino acids in a protein chain are called: a. Protein bonds b. Amino bonds c. Peptide bonds d. Ionic bonds
c. Peptide bonds
Which of the following modes of cross-membrane transport requires ATP's to be spent? a. Simple diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion c. Phagocytosis d. Osmosis
c. Phagocytosis simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis = passive and does not require ATP
Which of the following fats is a solid at room temperature? a. Monounsaturated fats b. Polyunsaturated fats c. Saturated fats d. Cis-fats
c. Saturated fats
Which of the following types of fat is seen in animal products and palm trees? a. Monounsaturated fats b. Polyunsaturated fats c. Saturated fats d. Trans-fats
c. Saturated fats
Which one of the following is NOT a distinction between living and non-living things? Select one: a. Control processes b. Responsive processes c. Social processes d. Metabolic processes
c. Social processes
What is the similarity between Facilitated Diffusion and Protein pump? Select one: a. They both have particles move against the concentration gradient b. They both have particles move down the concentration gradient c. They both have particles move through special membrane proteins d. None of these are true
c. They both have particles move through special membrane proteins
About responsive processes, this is NOT True Select one: a. all living things have responsive processes b. responsive processes are important for maintenance of homeostasis c. behavioral responses usually go after the physiological responses d. positive responses allow to continue behaviors necessary for survival of the organism
c. behavioral responses usually go after the physiological responses
Human tissue cells recharge ATP using the energy of: a. other ATP molecules b. light c. food d. water e. none of these
c. food
Which of the following is NOT true about Prokaryotes? a. they are more ancient than Eukaryotes b. they are much smaller than Eukaryotes c. they are more anatomically complex than Eukaryotes d. they do not have a cell nucleus e. their DNA is free-floating in cytoplasm in a shape of a ring
c. they are more anatomically complex than Eukaryotes prokaryotes (bacteria) - DNA stored in ring - free floating in cell cytoplasm --- simple
The function of Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Thromboxanes is: a. to serve as hormones b. to serve as precursors to other molecules c. to serve as local messengers d. to serve as receptors
c. to serve as local messengers
The process of converting the mRNA sequence to a polypeptide is called Select one: a. activation b. transcription c. translation d. copying
c. translation
Which of the following is NOT true? a. Ammonia cannot be excreted as is b. If the liver does not function properly, ammonia accumulates c. Hyperammonemia is indication of poor kidney function d. Hyperuremia may result from renal failure
c.Hyperammonemia is indication of poor kidney function
organelle functions: lisosome
contains lytic enzyme to break down particles
Aerobic respiration of 1 glucose molecule can yield up to: Select one: a. 2 ATP's b. 4 ATP's c. 28 ATP's d. 38 ATP's
d. 38 ATP's
Aerobic respiration of 1 glucose molecule can yield up to: a. 2 ATP's b. 17 ATP's c. 4 ATP's d. 38 ATP's
d. 38 ATP's
Which of the following is considered a Prokaryote? a. Yeast b. Mold c. Plant d. Bacteria e. Virus
d. Bacteria
The process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl groups is called: Select one: a. Hydrolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Lipolysis d. Beta oxidation e. Deamination
d. Beta oxidation
Which of the following is a Non-digestible polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Starch d. Cellulose e. Lactose
d. Cellulose (Cellulose = fiber) fiber = non digestible
Which of the following steps in respiration of glucose is irreversible? a. Glycolysis b. Production of Pyruvate from Glucose c. Production of Glucose from Pyruvate d. Conversion of Pyruvate into Acetyl group
d. Conversion of Pyruvate into Acetyl group
The difference between DNA and RNA is: a. DNA monomers include a phosphate group, and RNA monomers do not b. There is a sugar molecule in the center of RNA monomers, but not DNA monomers c. Nucleic bases of DNA include Cytosine, and RNA do not d. DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded
d. DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded
When using fat for energy, animal cells produce this as the end byproduct: a. Carbon dioxide and water b. Lactic acid c. Alcohol and carbon dioxide d. Glucose
d. Glucose
Which one of the following is NOT correct about chemical bonds? Select one: a. Ionic bond is when one atom donates electrons and the other accepts them b. Covalent bond is stronger than ionic bond c. Covalent bond is when atoms share electrons d. Hydrogen bond is a type of covalent bond
d. Hydrogen bond is a type of covalent bond
Liquid oils can be converted into solid fats by this type of chemical reaction: a. Dehydration b. Hydrolysis c. Hydration d. Hydrogenation
d. Hydrogenation - forcing hydrogen atom onto cis-double bond making it a single bond plant oil-> solid
Which of the following vegetables has the lowest antioxidant content? a. Carrot b. Tomato c. Broccoli d. Iceberg lettuce e. Spinach
d. Iceberg lettuce * dark color veggies*
The movement of water molecules toward a more concentrated solution happens by: Select one: a. Protein pump b. Active transport c. Diffusion d. Osmosis
d. Osmosis
The passive movement of water molecules is called: a. Active transport b. Simple diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. Osmosis
d. Osmosis
When breaking down fats for energy, the first step is: Select one: a. Hydrolysis b. Glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. Oxidation e. Deamination
d. Oxidation
Which of the following works as a pro-oxidant? Select one: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin E d. Oxygen e. Selenium
d. Oxygen
Cytoplasmic membrane is composed mostly of: a. Phospholipids and triglycerides b. Triglycerides and proteins c. Phosphoglycogen and proteins d. Phospholipids and proteins e. Cholesterol and phospholipids
d. Phospholipids and proteins
The nucleotides of RNA include these nucleic bases, except: Select one: a. Adenine b. Guanine c. Cytosine d. Thymine
d. Thymine
Which of the following rarely exists in nature? Select one: a. Saturated fats b. Monounsaturated fats c. Polyunsaturated fats d. Trans fats e. all exist in nature
d. Trans fats
Which of the following is considered a micronutrient? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Vitamin
d. Vitamin
The function of each protein depends on: Select one: a. its 3-d structure b. its shape c. its amino acid sequence d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Draw the atom of Magnesium (#12 on Periodic Table) to answer: which of the following is TRUE about its structure: a. The valency of magnesium will be 2 b. Magnesium becomes a cation c. in neutral form, electrons of magnesium occupy 3 orbits d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true
Which of the following contains saturated fats? Select one: a. Olive oil b. Sesame seeds c. Peanuts d. coconuts
d. coconuts
Which of the following is true about Hydrogen bonds? a. It's a type of a molecular bond b. It's a type of ionic bond c. it's a bond between hydrogen atoms in a molecule d. it's a magnetic attraction between hydrogen atom of one molecule and oxygen or nitrogen atom of anther molecule e. It makes a molecule hydrophobic
d. it's a magnetic attraction between hydrogen atom of one molecule and oxygen or nitrogen atom of anther molecule
Which of the following is NOT true about Generative processes Select one: a. all living things have generative processes b. generative processes include getting larger in size c. generative processes include getting greater in numbers d. maintenance of homeostasis is one of generative processes
d. maintenance of homeostasis is one of generative processes
Which of the following is an example of a hydrophobic molecule? a. sugar b. table salt c. vinegar d. olive oil e. water
d. olive oil
Which of the following is NOT true about the structure of atoms? a. neutrons are always located in the nucleus b. there are as many electrons as protons in an atom c. the first electron orbit can hold 2 electrons d. the third electron orbit can hold maximum 16 electrons
d. the third electron orbit can hold maximum 16 electrons
Which of the following is NOT a simple carbohydrate? Select one: a. Fructose b. Sucrose c. Glucose d. Lactose e. Amylose
e. Amylose
Which of the following is an organic compound? Select one: a. H2O b. CO2 c. N2 d. O2 e. CH3OH
e. CH3OH
Which of the following is NOT a function of Cholesterol in the body? Select one: a. Precursor to Vitamin D b. Precursor to Cortisol c. Structural molecule d. Production of Bile salts e. Energy metabolism
e. Energy metabolism
The reaction of converting liquid oils into solid fats by forcing Hydrogen atoms onto a C=C double bond is called Select one: a. Oxidation b. Oxygenation c. Hydration d. Dehydration e. Hydrogenation
e. Hydrogenation
Which of the following is a source of Trans fats? Select one: a. Beef b. Coconuts c. Seafood d. Peanut butter e. Margarine
e. Margarine
Which of the following is NOT a function of cholesterol in the body? a. Steroid precursor b. Bile salts precursor c. Precursor for Vitamin D d. Structural molecule e. Source of energy
e. Source of energy
Which of the following is NOT true about valencies of these atoms? Select one: a. Carbon has valency of 4 b. Oxygen has valency of 2 c. Hydrogen has valency of 1 d. Nitrogen has valency of 3 e. Sulfur has valency of 6
e. Sulfur has valency of 6
Based on the metabolic map presented at the end of this lesson, amino acids can be converted into: Select one: a. Glucose b. Acetyl groups c. Pyruvate d. Fatty acids e. all of the above
e. all of the above
The consequence of a gene mutation may include: a. a mutant gene would get transcribed into a mutant mRNA b. mutant mRNA will get translated into a wrong amino acid sequence c. wrong amino acid sequence would lead to a protein folding improperly d. the resulting protein would be dysfunctional e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Which of the following substances participates in Hydrophobic interactions? Select one: a. Water b. Salts c. Sugars d. Acids e. oils
e. oils (-phobic = away from water)
organelle functions: centrioles
govern the cell division process
organelle functions: mitochondria
produce most of cell ATP
Organelle funtion: Nucleolus
produce ribosomes
organelle functions: vacuole
serves as a container
organelle functions: ribosome
translate mRNA into polypeptide
organelle functions: endoplasmic reticulum
traps mRNA, when it escapes from the nucleus
Water (H2O) is considered to be a compound. Select one: True False
true
