biological psychlogy cht 7 quiz
Loudness is to ____ as pitch is to ____.
amplitude; frequency
A tonotopic map refers to:
an auditory cortex map of sounds
Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for
analyzing the meaning of sounds
Where is the basal membrane most sensitive to the vibrations of low-frequency sound waves?
at the apex, farthest from the cochlea
Why is morphine NOT used to suppress pain during an operation?
It inhibits dull pain, but not sharp pain.
Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?
More force is needed to create waves in fluid.
What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain?
Non-pain information can inhibit pain information
What is the basis for differences in sensory abilities across species?
Organisms detect a range of stimuli that are biologically relevant for that species
What do toothpaste, miracle berries, and Gymnema sylvestre have in common?
They modify taste perception
The receptors for taste are not true neurons, but are actually modified skin cells. In what way are these cells like neurons?
They release neurotransmitters
After eating salty pretzels, the salty potato chips will taste less salty because of:
adaptation.
What is the intensity of a sound wave called?
amplitude
According to the frequency theory, the
basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
People with massive damage to the primary auditory cortex:
cannot recognize combinations or sequences of sounds.
Small-diameter pain axons:
carry dull pain information
In adult humans, the taste buds are:
concentrated along the outside edge of the tongue
Ruffini's endings are
elaborate neuron endings for touch.
Taste and smell axons converge onto many of the same cells in an area called the:
endopiriform cortex.
Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?
frequency
Within the primary auditory cortex, most cells respond selectively to a particular
frequency
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes?
hair cells to displace.
Which two factors determine whether or not there will be a "sound shadow"?
head size and frequency
If the cochlea suffers damage but it is confined to one part of the cochlea, that individual will lose
hearing of certain frequencies of sound
Itching is primarily the result of:
histamine release
The frequency theory of pitch perception works well for ____ frequencies, while the place theory works well for perception of ____ frequencies.
low; high
In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to:
mechanical displacement
Conductive deafness is also known as:
middle ear deafness
The tympanic membrane is to the ____ as the oval window is to the ____
middle ear; inner ear
Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by:
mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses
Cutting a spinal nerve would result in loss of
motor control and sensation in the part of the body it innervated
Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of
movement of objects and sounds
What does the vestibular system detect?
movement of the head
The highest frequency sounds vibrate hair cells:
near the base of the membrane.
The brain chemicals known as endorphins and enkephalins produce effects similar to which substance?
opiates
Antihistamine drugs tend to ____ itching, and opiates tend to ____ itching.
reduce, increase
Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation?
semicircular canals and otolith organs
Pain receptors of the skin are:
simple, bare neuron endings.
What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?
somatosensory
What can most people with nerve deafness hear?
some frequencies of sound better than others
What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?
substance P
To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent?
temporal
The malleus, incus, and stapes are small bones:
that transmit information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
The current view of how we perceive sounds less than 100 Hz is based on:
the frequency of action potentials.
An acceleration of the head at any angle causes:
the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells.
Comparisons between which two responses are helpful in locating the source of a sound?
the left ear and the right ear
Conductive deafness is to ____ as nerve deafness is to ____
the middle ear; the inner ear
At low frequencies, our perception of loudness is determined by:
the number of activated hair cells
The outer ear includes:
the pinna
The eardrum vibrates at:
the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it
One reason why we have difficulty tasting low concentrations of a bitter chemical is that
we have dozens of different types of bitter receptors