Biological psychology Practice Quiz's clo 1

The typical voltage inside a neuron with respect to the outside is _____ mV. A change to -80 mV would represent a __________.

-70 mV, hyperpolarization

Which of the following is a true statement regarding of action potentials and postsynaptic potentials?

Action potentials are always depolarizations, whereas postsynaptic potentials may be hyperpolarization's or depolarizations.

The students in Professor Rogers' class are trying to get him to freak out by shooting spit balls at him. This situation is similar to a neuron's function in that the spit balls are like _______________ and freaking out is like _________________.

EPSPs, firing an action potential

A neuron must reach threshold before an EPSP can occur.

False

Voltage-gated sodium channels are activated by high concentrations of sodium and allow only sodium to pass through.

False

Which of the following is not a role of astrocytes?

Form the myelin sheath on axons in the peripheral nervous system

The ________ of a neuron has a ___________ potential with respect to the _________.

Inside, negative, outside

Which letter on this picture indicates a period of hyperpolarization?

K2 Potassium out (D)

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?

Ligand

The __________ is needed to establish the resting membrane potential of -70 mV.

Na+/K+ pump

Which cells are responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

Which letter on this picture indicates a period of depolarization?

Rising Phase (B)

___________ is more concentrated on the outside of a typically functioning neuron at rest.

Sodium

Which of the following uses active transport to establish differing concentrations of ions on either side of a neuron's membrane?

Sodium-potassium pump

Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect. He referred to this phenomenon as ____.

Temporal summation

What happens to the voltage across a neuron's membrane when an electrical stimulus is applied that depolarizes the neuron, but does not reach threshold?

The voltage inside the neuron becomes more positive, but an action potential is not initiated.

Your friend studies zombie brains and has made an interesting discovery about the physiology of their nervous system. He has characterized some proteins in their neuronal membranes and has called them sulfide ion channels. Based on your knowledge of neuronal physiology, you reason that he must have named them this way because:

They are selectively permeable for sulfide ions

Right after the falling phase of an action potential, the neuron becomes slightly hyperpolarized.

True

A depolarization above threshold will cause _______________ to open.

Voltage-gated sodium channels, and Voltage-gated potassium channels

One of the Ninja Turtles decides to donate his body to science after his natural death. As you study the brain of this unusual creature, previously unknown to science, you discover that his neurons contain pizza-gated channels. Which of the following best describes the function of these channels?

When they are in contact with pizza particles, they open and allow molecules to pass through them

Voltage-gated sodium channels are

activated in response to changes in voltage

A neuron has its soma in the frontal lobe and sends an axon to the amygdala. From the point of view of the amygdala, this is a(n) _________ axon.

afferent

Action potentials travel down a neuron's __________ before reaching a synapse.

axon

Neurons may have multiple __________, but only one _________ although it may branch.

dendrites, axon

An EPSP is to ____ as an IPSP is to ____.

depolarization; hyperpolarization

A neuron excretes neurotransmitters through its membrane by a process called ____.

exocytosis

Most of the brain's excitatory ionotropic synapses release ____ while most inhibitory ionotropic synapses release ____.

glutamate; GABA

Most chemicals cannot cross a neuron's __________, but channels composed of _________ allow certain molecules to pass through.

membrane, protein

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by ____.

opening calcium pores in the membrane

During the falling phase of the action potential (when the voltage inside the neuron approaches its most negative point), __________ is leaving the neuron.

potassium

The term ____________________ describes the transmission of an action potential down an axon.

propagation

An electrical stimulus can only initiate an action potential if it ____________.

reaches threshold

Multiple sclerosis is a disease which leads to degeneration of the myelin sheath. Which of the following processes do you anticipate would be disrupted?

saltatory conduction

In general, a single neuron releases ____ neurotransmitter(s) and can respond to ____ neurotransmitter(s).

several; many

During the rising phase of the action potential (when the voltage inside the neuron approaches its peak), __________ is entering the neuron.

sodium

Multiple EPSPs occurring at different places on a neuron at the same time may lead to ____________.

spatial summation