Biology 108 Chapter 8

The oxygen content of air is approximately a. 21 percent. b. 78 percent. c. 0.04 percent. d. 0.96 percent. e. 100 percent.

21 percent.

The concentration of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately a. 78 percent. b. 66 percent. c. 50 percent. d. 33 percent. e. 20 percent.

78 percent.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide? a. It diffuses into the blood. b. It diffuses into the alveoli. c. The gradient is too small for carbon dioxide to diffuse. d. It decomposes into carbon and oxygen.

It diffuses into the alveoli.

Which of the following is not a part of inspiration? a. The pressure in the lungs increases. b. The rib cage moves up and out. c. The intercostal muscles pull the ribs outward. d. The diaphragm contracts and moves down. e. Air rushes into the lungs.

The pressure in the lungs increases.

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? a. The diaphragm moves downward. b. The rib cage is compressed. c. The thoracic cavity volume decreases. d. The ribs and sternum move upward.

The ribs and sternum move upward.

For an animal's surface to function in the integumentary (skin) exchange of gases it must a. be thin. b. be soft and flexible. c. have a high number of blood vessels. d. have mucus or moist covering. e. all of these

all of these

Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the a. bronchi. b. alveoli. c. bronchioles. d. tracheas. e. glottis.

alveoli.

Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called a. apnea. b. tachypnea. c. bradypnea. d. pneumotaxia. e. hyperventilation.

apnea.

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream a. because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood. b. mainly due to the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells. c. by using the assistance of carbaminohemoglobin. d. through active transport. e. all of these

because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.

Carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect a. blood pH. b. oxygen blood levels. c. oxygen tissue levels. d. stretching of the lungs. e. the residual volume.

blood pH

Hemoglobin gives up O2 when a. carbon dioxide concentrations are high. b. body temperature is lowered. c. pH values are high. d. CO2 concentrations are low. e. all of these

carbon dioxide concentrations are high.

Which structure(s) of the respiratory system work with the immune system? a. cilia and mucus b. alveoli c. bronchioles d. the trachea e. bronchi and bronchioles

cilia and mucus

Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration? a. urinary b. digestive c. endocrine d. circulatory e. integumentary

circulatory

The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the a. intercostal muscle. b. pectoral muscle. c. serratus muscle. d. oblique muscle. e. diaphragm muscle.

diaphragm muscle.

If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect? a. difficulty expressing fluid b. difficulty inflating the lungs c. difficulty with pulmonary capillary flow d. no difficulty as type I cells can provide enough surfactant for normal breathing

difficulty inflating the lungs

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged due to the process of a. osmosis. b. facilitated diffusion. c. diffusion. d. Brownian movement. e. active transport.

diffusion.

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by a. exocytosis and endocytosis. b. bulk flow. c. osmosis. d. diffusion. e. facilitated diffusion.

diffusion.

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the a. glottis. b. pharynx. c. epiglottis. d. larynx. e. trachea.

epiglottis.

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? a. AMS b. high blood levels of carbon dioxide c. low atmospheric pressure d. erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system? a. trachea b. pharynx c. esophagus d. bronchus e. nasal cavity

esophagus

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? a. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide b. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide c. hemoglobin and oxygen d. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen

hemoglobin and oxygen

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. a. low; high b. low; low c. high; high d. high; low

high; low

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________. a. hyperventilation b. hyperpnea c. acclimatization d. apnea

hyperventilation

Where is the respiratory control center located? a. in the brain b. in the bronchi c. in the lungs d. in the aorta e. in the diaphragm

in the brain

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure. a. decrease in b. equalization of c. increase in d. zero

increase in

When the pH of the blood becomes more acidic, the respiratory center a. increases the rate and increases the depth of breathing. b. increases the rate and decreases the depth of breathing. c. decreases the rate and increases the depth of breathing. d. decreases the rate and decreases the depth of breathing. e. stops breathing all together.

increases the rate and increases the depth of breathing.

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to a. intrapleural fluid. b. leaking plasma. c. blood. d. mucus. e. both leaking plasma and mucus.

intrapleural fluid.

Which respiratory structure is used to produce sound? a. larynx b. nose c. pharynx d. glottis e. esophagus

larynx

The human vocal cords are located in the a. glottis. b. pharynx. c. trachea. d. larynx. e. bronchus.

larynx.

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the a. pharynx. b. esophagus. c. larynx. d. bronchus. e. alveoli.

larynx.

Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange? a. bronchus b. larynx c. nasal cavity d. lungs e. diaphragm

lungs

Exchange across a membrane requires a. moisture only. b. transport proteins only. c. pressure gradients only. d. moisture and pressure gradients only. e. moisture, pressure gradients, and transport proteins.

moisture and pressure gradients only.

Which of the following is NOT found in lung tissue? a. blood capillaries b. alveolar sacs c. interstitial fluid d. connective tissue e. muscle

muscle

What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system? a. nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea b. nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea c. nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi d. nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi e. nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Tears drain into the a. nasal cavity. b. anterior chamber of the eye. c. corneal space. d. conjunctiva. e. optic nerve.

nasal cavity.

The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is a. oxygen. b. water vapor. c. argon. d. nitrogen. e. carbon dioxide.

nitrogen.

What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood? a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. water d. nitrogen e. methane

oxygen

The respiratory system is responsible for a. oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body. b. carbon dioxide entering the body and oxygen leaving the body. c. nitrogen leaving the blood stream. d. methane formation. e. the regulation

oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavities? a. filter dust out of the incoming air b. detect odors c. warm the air d. oxygenate the blood e. moisturize the air

oxygenate the blood

Which structure is the initial entry way for air to enter the respiratory system? a. nose b. trachea c. lungs d. pharynx e. esophagus

pharynx

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases. a. resistance b. pressure c. airway diameter d. friction

resistance

The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body. a. pulmonary b. interlobular c. respiratory d. bronchial

respiratory

In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used? a. the Ortolani maneuver. b. the Herbert maneuver. c. the Heimlich maneuver. d. the Bartholin maneuver. e. the Feingold maneuver.

the Heimlich maneuver.

Which structure(s) provide a huge surface area for diffusion of gasses? a. the bronchi b. the bronchioles c. the trachea d. the alveoli e. the lungs

the alveoli

In humans ventilation is powered by a. the diaphragm only. b. muscles attached to the ribs only. c. the lungs themselves. d. the diaphragm and rib muscles. e. all of these

the diaphragm and rib muscles.

During exhalation, a. the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs. b. the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs. c. the diaphragm moves downward and becomes more flattened. d. the chest cavity volume increases. e. all of these

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.

During inhalation, a. the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs. b. the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs. c. the diaphragm moves upward and becomes more curved. d. the chest cavity volume decreases. e. all of these

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs.

The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath is called the a. vital capacity. b. tidal volume. c. inspiratory reserve volume. d. expiratory reserve volume. e. residual volume.

tidal volume.

The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed a. inspirational capacity. b. reserve volume. c. pleural volume. d. alveolar volume. e. tidal volume.

tidal volume.

Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function? a. help air exchange b. trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles c. destroy inhaled bacteria d. warm inspired air e. increase carbon dioxide removal

trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles

The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the a. vital capacity. b. tidal volume. c. pleural volume. d. alveolar volume. e. inspirational capacity.

vital capacity.