biology 11 exam 3

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will A. become more similar in their gene pools. B. become isolated from each other. C. develop into different species. D. adapt to different conditions and become separate.

A. become more similar in their gene pools.

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is also known as A. descent with modification. B. inheritance of acquired characteristics. C. uniformitarianism. D. catastrophism.

A. descent with modification.

Which of the following is true about genetic drift? A. It is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population. B. It may lead to an allele's becoming fixed in a population when its alternative allele is lost from the population. C. It increases the number of heterozygotes in a population. D. It increases the frequency of rare alleles in a population.

B. It may lead to an allele's becoming fixed in a population when its alternative allele is lost from the population.

Darwin's observation that there were Patagonian hares but no rabbits in South America was most closely related to his consideration of A. comparative anatomy B. biogeography C. the fossil record d. comparative anatomy

B. biogeography

If early Viking explorers in Greenland and North America had survived and become the main ancestors of early North American settlers, rather than the mixture of immigrants from across Europe and other continents, today there would be a much higher incidence of Nordic traits in the U.S. population. Such a scenario would demonstrate A. gene flow from continent to continent. B. the founder effect. D. directional selection. E. fitness for the north american environment

B. the founder effect.

Wallace and Darwin documented changes in organisms in their travels. Which of the following correlates the two scientists with the area of their most significant research? A. Darwin: Australia; wallace: england B. Darwin: South America; Wallace: autralia C. Darwin: Galapagos; Wallace: malaysia D. Darwin: Patagonia; Wallace: Australia

C. Darwin: Galapagos; Wallace: malaysia

Linnaeus developed his classification system for organisms according to A. a theory of descent by modification. B. Darwin's theory of evolution. C. Lamarck's theory of evolution. D. a theory of special creation and fixity of species.

D. a theory of special creation and fixity of species.

Cuvier addressed the comparative anatomy of fossils in a theory of life changes called A. paleontology. B. the inheritance of acquired characteristics. C. the evolution of species. D. catastrophism.

D. catastrophism.

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere? A. water vapor (H2O) B. carbon dioxide (CO2) C. hydrogen (H2) D. oxygen (O2)

D. oxygen (O2)

Which of the following would be a cause of genetic drift? a- a flood kills almost all the wild strawberry plants in a particular area b- the largest and strongest male lion chases away other males, and is the only male to mate with females and produce offspring c-wolves are moved from Canada and introduced into the wild in Wyoming d. all the choices can lead to genetic drift

a- a flood kills almost all the wild strawberry plants in a particular area

Xenotransplantation is the use of pig organs for human transplants. What evidence from the tree above could be used to substantiate the use of pig organs? a. the biochemical evidence supports the close relationship between pigs and humans b. cytochrome c is a common protein used in respiration c. the pig and human more closely related than the monkey and human d. cytochrome c similarities also support the use of duck organs in humans

a. The biochemical evidence supports the close relationship between pigs and humans.

In Figure 15-3, the fact that the bone structure is similar among birds and mammals indicates a. a common ancestry for both birds and mammals b. the humans evolved from birds c. that the forelimb of both humans and birds have a similar function d. the nature can coincidently produce similar structures for diffrent functions

a. a common ancestry for both birds and mammals

Occasionally, "living fossils" such as the coelacanth are found; these organisms appear to be little changed from their ancestors preserved in rock strata many millions of years ago. Such organisms often occur in ocean deeps and in soil and desert environments that change less often over time. This is an indication that a. although gene mutations may be common there may be little selection among individual already well adapted to a uniform environment b. these organism do not have the same high mutation rate of most organisms c. by chance these organisms mutations are all in allels that do not affect morphology c. there is extensive inbreeding in such organisms

a. although gene mutations may be common there may be little selection among individual already well adapted to a uniform environment

Primitive Earth's atmosphere contained gases produced by a. outgassing by earths interior b. gravitational energy c. radioactivity d. solar energy

a. outgassing by earths interior

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes according to the a. protein- first hypothesis b. RNA- first hypothesis c. clay catalyst hypothesis d. DNA first hypothesis

a. protein- first hypothesis

Some viruses never use DNA to carry out protein synthesis and have only RNA as their genetic material. This would lend evidence to which theory? a. rna first hypothesis b.protein first hypothosis c. simultaneous evolution of rna and proteins d. protein before dna hypothesis

a. rna first hypothesis

The woodpecker finch has a sharp beak to chisel through the bark of trees but lacks a long tongue that is characteristic of a true woodpecker. The finch uses a cactus spine to probe into the crevices to flush out the insect. This behavior allows the finch to exploit an untapped resource and is a learned behavior. This behavior a. supports lamarck's theory of acquired traits b. supports the theory of natural selection c. is evidence of homologous structures from the mainlad d. supports the competitive exclusion principle

a. supports lamarck's theory of acquired traits

Refer to Figure 15-1. A dog (not shown) has 11 amino acid differences from a human. Which statement below correctly uses that information? a. the branch for dogs should be the same as the pig b. the dog should be used for xenotransplant c. the dog evolved after the pig d. the dog and pig have 22 differences between their amino acid sequences for cytochrome c.

a. the branch for dogs should be the same as the pig

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the diagrams of Earth in Figure 18-1? a. the coastline of several contiments mirror those of each other due to the drifting of the continents b.the same geologic activity occurred throughout the world to produce mountains c. continental drift has presently stopped d. the unique distribution patterns of fossils vary from continent to continent

a. the coastline of several contiments mirror those of each other due to the drifting of the continents

Which of the following distinguishes the evolutionary species concept from the biological species concept? a. the evolutionary species concept relies on the identification of morphological traits b. the evolutionary species concept recognizes that each species shares its evolutionary history c. the evolutionary species concept assumes that species are geographical isolated d. the evolutionary species concept relies on reproductive instead of trait diffrence

a. the evolutionary species concept relies on the identification of morphological traits

Using Figure 15-2, if the 1984 weather pattern continued, which claim below would be justified? a. the shorter depth of the beak would be selected based on its improved fitness b. the continued wet weather would result in new mutations c. the larger beaked finches would migrate to other islands, leaving only this population d. cuvier's catastrophism hypothesis would be upheld. the finches would die out and be replaced by a more perfect species

a. the shorter depth of the beak would be selected based on its improved fitness

Using Narrative 16-1, why doesn't this disruptive selection eventually lead to two separate species? a. there is no reproductive isolation to prevent gene flow b. they are already two separate spcies and intermediate forms are hybrids c. the color forms are probably not genetically determined d. this will result in the formation of two species if given enough time

a. there is no reproductive isolation to prevent gene flow

Fluconazole resistant organisms have now been reported. Fluconazole has traditionally been used to treat what organism? a. yeast b. campylobacter c.tuberculosis d. clostridium

a. yeast

Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with a.comparative anatomy b.biogeography c.comparative embryology d.comparative biochemistry

a.comparative anatomy

If a similar diagram to Figure 15-3 was constructed comparing the wing of a bird, the wing of a bat, and the wing of an insect, the insect wing would serve to illustrate an example of a. vestigal structures b. a homologous organ c. a possible ancestor to the flying vertebrate d. an analogous structure

an analogous structure

Which of the following would change the gene frequencies of a population? a. small population b. assortative mating c. no immigration d. stable enviornment

b. assortative mating

Referring to Narrative 17-1, in rare instances, two of the three species of boobies have been observed mating. Which postzygotic isolating mechanism would occur? a. none the two species of boobies differ only in their phenotype b. f2 fitness the boobies are genetically similar, which allows their chromosomes of align c. a hybrid booby will occur due to alloploidy of their chromosomes d. mechanical isolation occured due to incompatible genitalia

b. f2 fitness the boobies are genetically similar, which allows their chromosomes of align

One disadvantage of the biology species concept is a. it can distinguish organism in the midst of few trait diffrences b. it cannot be applied to organisms that produce asexually c.it is supported by biochemical data d. it can be used to distinguished organism that do not live near each other

b. it cannot be applied to organisms that produce asexually

Based on evolutionary principles, if one were to compare the embryological development of a frog to the above embryos, it would likely be most similar to the a. fish b. salamander c. tortoise d. human

b. salamander

Which of these conditions would prevent the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? a. not net migration of alleles into or out of the population b. small population with genetic drift c. no selection of one genotype over another d. sexually reproducing and random mating population

b. small population with genetic drift

In reference to Narrative 16-1, which statement is true about natural selection? a.directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another extreme phenotype as illustrated by the accumulation of a dominant gene b. stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the exteme phenotype as illustrated by the maintance of human birth weight c.disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotype over the intermediate phentoype as illustrated by the two colors of pepered moths d. directional selection leads to improved selection when the enviornment remains the same as illustrated by the guppies in trinidad

b. stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the exteme phenotype as illustrated by the maintance of human birth weight

The organisms examined by Darwin on the Galapagos Islands that were most important in his development of the theory of natural selection were a. rabbits and hares b. tortoises and finches c. snail and fish d. monkeys and armadillos

b. tortoises and finches

Many of the fruits bought in the supermarket are examples of laboratory-induced genetic polyploidy, Polyploidy also occurs in the wild. Which of the following explains this process. a. the haploid gamate of two unrelated plants undergo a second round b.A diploid plant produces gametes in which the chromosomes have failed to separate. Two diploid gametes fuse to produce a tetraploid plant. c. a hybrid plant is produced when the same species undergoes drastic mutations d.the roots of one plant are grafted (fused) with another to produce tetraploid plants

b.A diploid plant produces gametes in which the chromosomes have failed to separate. Two diploid gametes fuse to produce a tetraploid plant.

Which statement is true about a protocell? a.it would have contained dna as its genetic material b.it would have been present before the development of a true cell c.it would have had a carbohydrate membrane surrounding d.it would have contained a biochemical pathway for aerobic respiration

b.it would have been present before the development of a true cell

The above apparatus in Figure 18-2 was the experimental design of a classic experiment performed by a.oparin b.miller and urey c.cairns smith d. sidney fox

b.miller and urey

which statement is true about non random mating a. inbreeding increase the proportion of the heterozygotes in the population b. nonrandom mating occurs when there is a cost benefit to mating c. assortative mating tends to cause subdivison into two phenotypic classes with reduced gene flow between them d. the female rather than the male must be able to select mate

c. assortative mating tends to cause subdivison into two phenotypic classes with reduced gene flow between them

Drug-resistance in bacteria occurs a. only when they are exposed to the drug which they become resistant b. more often when they are exposed to the drug and mutate c. at any time even when they are not exposed to the drug d. only when they are exposed to the radiation or other mutagens

c. at any time even when they are not exposed to the drug

Peter and Rosemary Grant spent 20 years researching and cataloging the number and types of finches on an island the Galapagos. The medium ground finches' data they collected is graphed above. Based on the graph in Figure 15-2, the beak size is a. a result of the ratio of predators to birds b. based on the genotype of thee parents c. based on the finches fitness for the environment d. a result of volcanic activity

c. based on the finches fitness for the environment

Using Narrative 17-1, how do female blue-footed boobies recognize the males of their species? a. temporal isolation b. habitat isolation c. behavioral isolation d. zygote mortality

c. behavioral isolation

A group of biology students were visiting the Natural History Museum in New York when they stopped to observe the Pterosaur hanging above their heads. Fossils such as this and the Archaeopteryx offer additional evidence linking. a. reptiles and mammals b. birds and mammals c. birds and reptiles d. amphibians and reptiles

c. birds and reptiles

Based on the data in Table 16-1, the butterfly population is an example of a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. directional selection d. sexual speciation

c. directional selection

refer to narrative 16-1 variations are maintained by a. selection b. promoting assortative mating c. heterozygote advantage d.producing dimorphic organism

c. heterozygote advantage

the above diagram in figure 15-3 provides a good example of a. vestigial structure b. analogous structures c. homologous structures d.inheritance of acquired structure

c. homologous structures

Seals are the only mammals in the Galapagos Islands. Which of the following hypothesis would most likely explain this phenomenon? a. if the galapagos island underwent continental drift then an aquatic mammal from south america was selected and envolved into seal b.if the galapagos islands are the result of the subduction of plates then the ancestor of the seal was the founder of the modern day seal population c. if the galapagos islands were formed by volcanos then the seal migrated to t he islands d. if the galapagos island are a transform boundary then all relatives of the seal faced mass extenctions as the environment changed

c. if the galapagos islands were formed by volcanos then the seal migrated to t he islands

Mass extinctions have played a pivotal role in the evolution or organisms on Earth. Why? a. mass extinctions have occured at least five times throughout earths history. b. mass extinctions have allowed older species to remain on one continent while creating new species on another continent c. mass extinctions reduced the population size, while allowed puncuated equilibrium to occur d. mass extinctions have reset the genetic equilibrium each time so that all species have an equal oppurtunity to diversify

c. mass extinctions reduced the population size, while allowed punctuated equilibrium to occur

Using Table 16-1, which Hardy-Weinberg condition is not being met in the butterfly population? a. no gene flow b. random mating c. no selection d. microevolution

c. no selection

For natural selection to occur, there must be a. a uniform set of alleles b. a stable environment c. overpopulation d. no migration between two areas

c. overpopulation

Genetic variation is the raw material upon which evolution works. Which of the following correctly relates the cell type with its main source of variation? a. prokaryotic mutations eukaryotes crossing over of chromotaids b. fungi: duplication of genes prokaryotic cross fertilization c. prokaryotes mutations eukaryotes sexual reproduction d. plantae uv radiation animalia reproductve isolation

c. prokaryotes mutations eukaryotes sexual reproduction

According to the punctuated equilibrium graph above a. species 1 gradually morphed iinto species 2 b. the dotted lines indicate a best fit line to illustrate the disparity of fossil found in this range c. the species was fit for a stable environment but quickly changed into species 1 after a natural disaster d. species 1 abruptly evolved into species 2

c. the species was fit for a stable environment but quickly changed into species 1 after a natural disaster

Birds and insects both have wings, but we do not consider this similarity as evidence of relatedness because a.birds wings function on different physics principles of lift b.insect wings are vestigle c. the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin d. they did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period

c. the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait, and therefore hidden in much of the human population. A survey of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75) are right-handed and 9 (0.25) are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would be the expected genotype frequencies and allele frequencies in this theoretical population? a. 0.75 right handed homozygous dominant and 0.25 recessive homozygous for 3 to 1 right to left handed alleles in the population b. 0.25 right handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 3 to 1 right to left handed alleles in the population c. 0.25 right handed homozygous 0.50 heterozygous and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency of each allele d. 0.50 right handed homozygous 0.25 heterozygous and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele

c.0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele

What were the results of the experiment in Figure 18-2. a. large biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids were produced b. no important biochemical substance could be generated c.a variety of amino acid were generated this way d. the experiment provided conclusive proof that this was how early biochemical compounds must have formed

c.a variety of amino acid were generated this way

Referring to Narrative 18-1, Cyanobacteria produced oxygen that a.changed the atmosphere to a reducing atmosphere b. formed a pollutant called zone c.allowed a more efficient form of respiration to evolve d. destroy the atmosphere

c.allowed a more efficient form of respiration to evolve

Darwin observed that a. members of a population vary in their diffrent functional, physical and behavioral characteristics b. there is a constant struggle for survival of organisms c. organisms differ in fitness d. all the choices are correct

d. all the choices are correct

Based on the data in Table 16-1, which of the following predictions for year 3 is most plausible? a. in year 3, the lighter colored butterflies will become extinct due to the deleterious mutation b. in year 3 the heteroxygote yellow colored butterfly will increase due to heterozygote advantage c. in year 3, the lighter colored butterfly will increase dramatically due to lack of competition d. in year 3, the percentage will remain constant due to the stable environment

d. in year 3, the percentage will remain constant due to the stable environment

Which statement best describes the endosymbiotic theory? a. the endosymbiotic theory describes the evolution of organelles from trapped coacervate droplets b. the endosymbiotic theory describes evolution of multicellular when single prokaryotic cells shared duties and merged together c.the endosymbiotic theory describes how one prokaryotic cell developed two diffrent pathways of respiration, and split into two eukarytoic cells d. the endosymbiotic theory describes the engulfing of free- living prokarytoic cells, which then became organelles

d. the endosymbiotic theory describes the engulfing of free- living prokarytoic cells, which then became organelles

The most common infectious disease around the world that also shows 10% resistance to antibiotics is a. yeast b. clostridium diffcile c. staphylococcus aureus d. tuberculosis

d. tuberculosis

Look at Figure 16-2 above #15. The above graphs show the change in body size of the horse and its ancestors, perhaps due to changes in the environment from forests to grasslands. What process is most likely at work here? a.stabilizing selection b.disruptive c.reproductive isolation d.directional selection

d.directional selection

which type of selection have the snails undergone a. stabilizing the snails still mate with the other group b. disruptive the snails do not mate with the other group c. direcional the snails have changed from a solid color to a banded pattern d.disruptive the snails have developed two distinct phenotypes

d.disruptive the snails have developed two distinct phenotypes