biology 114

c. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein.

1. Which of the following statements concerning genetic information in most cells is true? a. The entire DNA molecule is copied to RNA during DNA replication. b. A single DNA nucleotide codes for a single amino acid. c. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein. d. The flow of information in a cell is from protein to RNA to DNA. e. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to protein to RNA.

nitrogen-containing base.

A nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n) a. lipid. b. acid. c. nitrogen-containing base. d. amino acid. e. glycerol.

pyrimidines.

According to the principle of complementary base pairing, purines always pair with a. deoxyribose sugars. b. uracil. c. pyrimidines. d. adenine. e. guanine.

uracil.

All of the following bases are found in DNA except a. thymine. b. adenine. c. All of the following bases are found in DNA except a. thymine. b. adenine. c. uracil.

the relative sizes and shapes of purines and pyrimidines.

Complementary base pairing between strands of nucleic acids is limited to particular pairings because of a. the relative sizes and shapes of purines and pyrimidines. b. the alternating sugar-phosphate groups. c. evolutionary relationships. d. the differences found between RNA and DNA. e. the diversity found in DNA molecules.

Both b and c

Complementary base pairing occurs due to the a. covalent bonds between bases. b. pairing of a purine with a pyrimidine. c. hydrogen bonding sites. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c

UGCCAU

Consider the following double-stranded DNA region: 5ʹ-TGCCAT-3ʹ 3ʹ-ACGGTA-5ʹ If the lower strand is transcribed, which of the following strands will result? a. TGCCAT b. TCGGTA c. UGCCAU d. UGCCUA e. TCGGUT

It forms two hydrogen bonds and pairs with adenine because it is a two-bond purine.

Cytosine is a pyrimidine that forms three hydrogen bonds. Uracil is also a pyrimidine. Based on this information, which of the following statements about uracil is true? a. It forms three hydrogen bonds and pairs with guanine because it is a two-bond pyrimidine. b. It forms three hydrogen bonds and pairs with adenine because it is a three-bond purine. c. It forms three hydrogen bonds and pairs with guanine because it is a three-bond purine. d. It forms two hydrogen bonds and pairs with adenine because it is a two-bond purine. e. It forms two hydrogen bonds and pairs with thymine because it is a two-bond pyrimidine.

sequence of bases.

DNA carries genetic information in its a. helical form. b. sequence of bases. c. tertiary sequence. d. sequence of amino acids.

All of the above

DNA differs from RNA in that a. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. b. RNA is single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded. c. RNA leaves the nucleus, DNA does not. d. RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose. e. All of the above

a specific pyrimidine will join to the exposed purine, depending on which purine it is.

If there is an exposed purine during DNA replication, a. any purine will be joined to it. b. a specific purine will join to the exposed purine, depending on which purine is exposed. c. a specific pyrimidine will join to the exposed purine, depending on which purine it is. d. any pyrimidine will join to it. e. a phosphate group will join to the exposed purine.

complementary base pairing.

In DNA, bonding of A with T and bonding of C with G are examples of a. complementary base pairing. b. a dehydration reaction. c. a reduction reaction. d. a hydrophobic interaction. e. a purine-purine interaction.

a purine in one strand will attach to only one type of pyrimidine in the other strand.

In the DNA double helix, the bases in one strand are complementary to the bases in the other strand. Therefore, a. a purine in one strand will attach to any pyrimidine in the other strand. b. the bases in one strand will be the same as those of the other strand. c. a pyrimidine in one strand will attach to any pyrimidine in the other strand. d. a purine in one strand will attach to a different purine in the other strand. e. a purine in one strand will attach to only one type of pyrimidine in the other strand.

Nitrogenous bases

Nucleic acids and proteins are both polymers made of a set of monomers. Complete the following analogy: _______ are to nucleotides as side chains are to amino acids. a. Ribose/deoxyribose sugars b. Phosphate ions c. Nitrogenous bases d. Nucleosides e. Hydroxyl groups

covalent; a sugar and a phosphate group

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by _______ bonds between _______. a. hydrogen; a sugar and a phosphate group b. covalent; two phosphates c. covalent; two sugars d. hydrogen; two phosphate groups e. covalent; a sugar and a phosphate group

Both a and c

Ribose and deoxyribose are both found in nucleic acids. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that a. deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom. b. ribose is a pentose sugar, whereas deoxyribose is a hexose sugar. c. deoxyribose is found in DNA, whereas ribose is found in RNA. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c

hydrogen

Single-stranded RNA can fold back on itself, creating three-dimensional structures such as tRNA. The folds are stabilized by _______ bonds. a. hydrogen b. ionic c. phosphodiester d. peptide e. glycosidic

alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of a. nitrogenous bases. b. alternating sugar and phosphate groups. c. purines. d. pyrimidines. e. nucleosides.

Purines are double-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are single-ring structures.

The bases of nucleic acids are purines or pyrimidines. Which of the following statements contrasting purines and pyrimidines is true? a. Purines include the bases cytosine and thymine, whereas pyrimidines include the bases adenine and guanine. b. Pyrimidines are found in RNA, whereas purines are found in DNA. c. Purines are double-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are single-ring structures. d. Purines have only single bonds in their structure, whereas pyrimidines have both single and double bonds in their structure. e. Purines consist of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, whereas pyrimidines have phosphorus, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Transcription

The copying of a DNA sequence to make an RNA sequence is called a. catalysis. b. energy transduction. c. translation. d. transcription. e. expression.

a phosphate group is found in nucleotides but not in nucleosides.

The difference between nucleosides and nucleotides is that a. only nucleotides have nitrogenous bases. b. a phosphate group is found in nucleotides but not in nucleosides. c. nucleotides have the pentose sugar ribose; nucleosides have the pentose sugar deoxyribose. d. in nucleosides the monomers are joined by phosphodiester bonds; in nucleotides the monomers are joined by hydrogen bonds. e. nucleosides are the monomers of DNA; nucleotides are the monomers of RNA.

base sequence differences.

The diversity in DNA molecules is due to a. physical shape differences. b. differences in size between A-T and G-C base pairs. c. base sequence differences. d. hydrogen bonding differences. e. the fact that any base can pair with any of the other three bases.

ionic bonding between base pairs.

The double-helix structure of DNA results from all of the following except a. complementary base pairings. b. purines bonding with pyrimidines. c. the phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate. d. hydrogen bonding of the two complementary polynucleotide strands. e. ionic bonding between base pairs.

A, G, C, and U.

The four nitrogenous bases of RNA are abbreviated as a. A, G, C, and T. b. A, G, T, and N. c. A, G, C, and U. d. A, G, U, and T. e. G, C, U, and N.

Phosphate

What is attached to the 5ʹ-carbon of deoxyribose in DNA? a. Adenine b. Phosphate c. Guanine d. Thymine e. Uracil

T T A C G C T

What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the following DNA molecule: A A T G C G A? a. T T A C G C T b. A A T G C G A c. G G C A T A G d. C C G T T A T e. A G C G T A A

Hydrogen

What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides? a. Hydrogen b. Ionic c. Peptide d. Phosphodiester e. Covalent

All of the above

Which of the following processes depends on complementary base pairing? a. DNA replication b. Transcription c. Translation d. Both a and b e. All of the above

DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is false? a. DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil. b. DNA usually has two polynucleotide strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand. c. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar. d. DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer. e. In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U.

Hydrogen bonds between purines and pyrimidines

Which the following factors contributes to the strength of the intermolecular interaction between two DNA strands in a double helix? a. Hydrogen bonds between purines and pyrimidines b. Phosphodiester bonds between the nitrogenous bases c. Strong hydrogen bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups d. Its double-helix shape e. The direct bonding of the base to the phosphate molecule