Biology - Biotechnology and Genomics
Arrange the steps to clone a mammal from beginning to end
1 An egg is collected from a donor and enucleated 2 Inject nucleus of somatic cell from different donor into enucleated egg 3 The donor egg is induced to start dividing 4 The dividing egg is implanted into a surrogate 5 A clone (of the DNA donor) is born
Place the steps of the ex vivo gene therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia in the correct order. Begin with the first step at the top.
1 a portion of the patient's liver is removed 2 liver cells are infected with virus carrying normal gene 3 removed liver portion is reconnected in the patient's body
List the sequential order of events in ev vivo gene therapy of the disease SCID
1 bone marrow is removed from the patient's body 2 bone marrow cells are injected with a virus carrying a corrected gene 3 bone marrow cells are injected into the patient 4 normal bone marrow cells divide to produce normal blood cells
List the sequential order of events that occur during the production of recombinant DNA (rDNA).
1 identify an mRNA from a target gene 2 use reverse transcriptase to produce a complementary DNA 3 cleave the cDNA and vector DNA with same restriction enzyme 4introduce DNA ligase to connect sticky ends of DNA 5 allow vector to reproduce to clone the gene
Which transgenic organisms are being used to produce insulin, give frost-resistance to plants, confer pesticide resistance to plants, and clean up oil spills?
Bacteria
PCR is a technique used to create copies of a segment of ___ quickly in a test tube
DNA
What specific type of genomic study determines the role of the genome in cells and organisms?
Functional genomics
A major event in scientific history where labs from around the world took 13 years to sequence human DNA is called the ___ ___ ___
Human Genome Project
Which of the following from a human contains the most functional pieces
Proteome
What is the role of a restriction enzymes?
To cut DNA
True or false: Modern science has been able to successfully clone a mammal
True
Products made with or derived from transgenic or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are called ___ products.
biotechnology
The production of genetically identical copies of DNA, cells, or organisms through some asexual means is called
cloning
comparative genomics ___
compares the human genome with the genome of other organisms
Bioinformatics use ___ to analyze genomic and proteomic data
computers
A technology that can identify and distinguish among individuals based on variation of DNA is called DNA
fingerprinting
The type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called ___ cloning
gene
DNA microarrays show which ____ are turned on and off in a given cell
genes
In vivo gene therapy delivers the ___ directly into the body or cells
genes
___ engineering is a modern field that allows scientists to change genomes, this can be to create biotechnology products or change the organism's characteristics
genetic
A scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism is studying in the field of
genomics
A transgenic organism
has had DNA from another organism inserted into its genome
Gene ___ describes the production of pharmaceuticals using transgenic animals
pharming
Parts of the eukaryotic DNA with its function intron
regions of a gene that will be excised after transcription
Parts of the eukaryotic DNA with its function exon
regions of a gene that will eventually become translated into proteins
Parts of the eukaryotic DNA with its function intergenic sequences
regions of the genome located between genes
The sequence AAGCTTCGTTC is found five different places on a chromosome. It is a(n):
repetitive DNA element
If a segment of non-coding DNA contained a sequence TTAGTTTAGTTTAGT, you would call this a(n) ___ repeat
tandem
Short ___ repeat sequences are short, noncoding sequences of DNA that are repeated many times in a row
tandem
Gene ___ is a correction of detrimental DNA mutation by inserting new DNA into the genome
therapy
Which of the following enzymes are needed to make rDNA
~ restriction enzymes ~DNA ligase
Which of the following are uses of comparative genomics?
~Determining evolutionary relationships ~Comparing genomes over time ~Finding model organisms to test human gene therapies
Which of the following are applications of transgenic bacteria?
~clean up of oil spills ~production of insulin ~production of growth hormone
Which of the following explain why we need a broader definition of gene?
~genes can be split across several loci across the genome ~the end product of some DNA is RNA (not a protein) ~some prokaryotes have RNA genes
Genomics seeks to determine
~how many genes we have ~the sequence of the bases in DNA
Select the choices that may refer to a plasmid
~vector ~prokaryotic DNA
