Biology C3
Starch
16) Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of ________.
C
42) Which antioxidant is naturally found in cocoa? A) vitamin A B) beta-carotene C) flavonoid D) selenium
B
1) Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called A) micronutrients. B) macronutrients. C) vitamins. D) minerals.
A
10) Which of the following is an example of a food that is rich in complex carbohydrates? A) pasta B) table sugar C) margarine D) cheese
D
11) Which of these foods is made up of many branching chains of sugar monomers? A) honey B) milk C) nuts D) beans
Glycogen
12) The human body stores excess carbohydrates in the form of ________ in muscles and the liver.
Processed food
13) A ________ (two words) has been stripped of most of its nutrients.
D
14) Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods? A) Whole foods contain more sugars and less fiber, so they're more digestible than processed foods. B) Whole foods have been refined to provide the highest possible calorie content. C) Processed foods may contain antioxidants, which can cause disease. D) Processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods.
C
15) Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why? A) The candy bar is healthier because it contains simple sugars, which are easier for the body to get energy from. B) The pear is healthier because it contains fewer chemical bonds that need to be broken in the digestive tract. C) The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals, and fiber. D) Neither the candy bar nor the pear is better because they both contain the same number of calories.
B
17) Why is fiber an important part of a healthful human diet? A) It is easily digested into monosaccharides, which are used for energy. B) It may decrease the risk of certain types of cancers. C) It increases the amount of HDL and LDL cholesterol in the body. D) It contains more energy, gram for gram, than any other nutrient.
C
18) What are the monomer "building blocks" that make up proteins? A) monosaccharides B) glycerol molecules C) amino acids D) fatty acids
Essential
19) Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ amino acids.
D
2) Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient? A) water B) carbohydrate C) protein D) vitamin C
A
20) Which food is most likely to contain all essential amino acids? A) beef B) carrots C) corn D) rice
C
21) What happens to excess protein in the body? A) It is broken down and excreted in urine. B) It is used as energy by muscles. C) It is stored as fat. D) It is used to build bone mass.
D
22) What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? A) At room temperature, saturated fats are liquid and unsaturated fats are solid. B) Unsaturated fats have a flat molecular structure, but saturated fats are kinked. C) Saturated fat molecules are packed together loosely, but unsaturated fats are tightly packed. D) Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.
A
23) In commercial food manufacturing, hydrogenation is used to A) make an unsaturated fat more saturated. B) reduce the amount of "empty calories" in a carbohydrate. C) convert fatty acids into amino acids. D) convert vitamins into minerals.
polyunsaturated
24) A fat with many unsaturated carbons is called ________.
Essential fatty acids
25) Omega-3 and omega-6 are the names of two ________ (three words).
B
26) Erin wants to make a stir fry using an unsaturated fat. Sam suggests that she use A) butter. B) olive oil. C) lard. D) margarine.
B
27) How are trans fats different from regular saturated fats? A) Trans fats cannot form carbon-carbon double bonds. B) Trans fats have flattened fatty acids. C) Trans fats are liquid at room temperature. D) Trans fats do not contain glycerol.
A
28) Trans-fatty acids, which are common in fast food, are a concern to nutritionists because they A) increase the incidence of clogged arteries. B) decrease the availability of iron to bodily cells. C) cannot be digested by the human body. D) outcompete the enzymes needed for normal bodily functions.
B
29) Vitamins in the human body A) are sources of stored energy. B) help enzymes function properly. C) act as hormones that trigger cells to take up glucose. D) are the basis of the plasma membrane.
B
3) A deficiency of water in the body is called A) diffusion. B) dehydration. C) endocytosis. D) hypertension.
C
30) Which vitamin could build up to dangerous levels within the body? A) vitamin B12 B) vitamin C C) vitamin D D) folic acid
B
31) Sunlight is required for the synthesis of A) cholesterol. B) vitamin D. C) vitamin K. D) amino acids.
C
32) Vitamins function as ________, helping molecules within the cells reduce the activation energy of necessary chemical reactions. A) minerals B) leptin C) coenzymes D) enzymatic inhibitors
B
33) Vitamin ________ is water soluble and cannot be synthesized by the body. A) A B) C C) E D) K
C
34) Scurvy is a disease that is caused by a deficiency of what vitamin? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B6 C) vitamin C D) vitamin E
B
35) Cal takes a vitamin supplement to make sure he has enough biotin in his diet. Instead of the supplement, Cal could just eat more A) oranges. B) eggs. C) red meat. D) grains.
B
36) Anemia is a disorder that can be caused by a deficiency in A) vitamin A. B) one of the B vitamins. C) magnesium. D) sodium.
C
37) Which of these statements is true about minerals? A) Minerals will not dissolve in water. B) Some minerals contain carbon. C) Minerals cannot be made by the body. D) Minerals are not used by body cells.
A
38) Tanya eats a vegan diet, which means that she does not eat any animal products. What would be a good source of calcium for Tanya? A) spinach B) cheese C) nuts D) whole grains
D
39) Table salt provides the body with necessary sodium and chloride. However, too much salt could result in A) muscle cramps. B) bone damage. C) kidney stones. D) high blood pressure.
A
4) A decrease in the body's normal water level can cause which of the following problems? A) muscle cramps B) decreased heart rate C) low body temperature D) increased sweating
C
40) A diet that is rich in whole grains provides the body with which of the following essential minerals? A) calcium B) chloride C) potassium D) sulfur
C
41) What is a function of antioxidants? A) to prevent muscle cramps and weakness B) to improve skin tone and fight acne C) to decrease damage done to cells by free radicals D) to allow the cell to maintain water balance
A
43) Which of these vitamins is also considered an antioxidant? A) vitamin A B) biotin C) folic acid D) niacin
D
44) Which of the following does not involve molecules moving across cell membranes? A) osmosis B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) induced fit
C
45) Diffusion is A) one type of active transport. B) the movement of water across a cell membrane. C) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. D) the movement of molecules across a membrane, assisted by proteins embedded in the membrane.
C
46) How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a cell membrane? A) diffusion B) osmosis C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport
D
47) Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane? A) a single layer of proteins B) a single layer of lipids with proteins embedded in it C) a double layer of proteins D) a double layer of lipids with proteins embedded in it
D
48) Which of the following requires the most ATP to move the molecule across a plasma membrane? A) water B) a simple sugar, such as glucose C) a dissolved gas, such as carbon dioxide D) an ion moving against a concentration gradient
B
49) What does hydrophobic mean? A) made of water B) repelled by water C) attracted to water D) dissolved in water
C
5) How many liters of water does an average human need to replace each day by consuming food or drink? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
D
50) Even though they're extremely small, viruses are too large to enter a cell by passive or active transport and thus must enter a host cell via A) diffusion. B) osmosis. C) exocytosis. D) endocytosis.
Exocytosis
51) The movement of a substance out of a cell via a vesicle is called ________.
A
52) The interior of a phospholipid bilayer is A) hydrophobic. B) hydrophilic. C) proteinaceous. D) hydrogenated.
C
53) Phospholipid bilayer membranes are A) always impermeable to small molecules. B) always permeable to charged atoms and molecules. C) differentially permeable. D) impermeable to all atoms and molecules.
B
55) Molecules embedded in phospholipid bilayers that form channels allowing molecules to pass into and out of the cell are made of A) carbohydrates. B) proteins. C) nucleic acids. D) lipids.
A
56) In general, the net movement of small, uncharged atoms and molecules through the membrane of a cell will occur until A) the concentration of a solute is equal on both sides of the membrane. B) all those atoms or molecules are on the same side of the membrane. C) the cell grows so large that it can't hold any more material. D) the cell shrinks to the point that it can't function properly.
C
57) Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sucrose molecules. If the balloon is filled with a 50% sucrose solution and then placed in a beaker of water, then the balloon will A) not change in size or volume. B) get smaller as it loses water. C) get larger as it gains water. D) eventually burst.
B
58) Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sucrose molecules. If the balloon is filled with a 50% sucrose solution and then placed in a beaker of water, how will the concentration of sucrose change inside the balloon (if at all)? A) It won't change. B) It will become less concentrated. C) It will become more concentrated. D) The concentration will increase and then decrease.
A
59) If a drop of red food coloring is added to a glass of water, the red-colored molecules will A) move from an area of high concentration of red-colored molecules to an area of low concentration. B) move from an area of low concentration of red-colored molecules to an area of high concentration. C) move from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration. D) move toward an area of low concentration of water molecules.
B
6) When you compare tap water to bottled water, in most cases A) bottled water has more impurities than tap water. B) bottled water and tap water are equally clean. C) tap water has more salt than bottled water. D) tap water usually tastes better than bottled water.
C
60) During diffusion, solute molecules move A) up a concentration gradient of solute molecules. B) down a concentration gradient of solvent molecules. C) down a concentration gradient of solute molecules. D) unpredictably with regards to a concentration gradient of solvent molecules.
B
61) When molecules or atoms move down a concentration gradient across cell membranes, it's called A) active transport. B) passive transport. C) exocytosis. D) endocytosis.
D
62) Phagocytic white blood cells digest many of the invasive bacteria that gain entry into the human body. How could a bacterial cell enter a white blood cell in order to be digested? A) facilitated diffusion B) active transport C) exocytosis D) endocytosis
A
63) Water can enter cells through either passive transport or pores in the membrane called A) aquaporins. B) electrolytes. C) diffusion channels. D) exocytes.
B
64) Elodea is a freshwater aquatic plant that is often used as aquarium vegetation. What would happen to an Elodea plant that was immersed in a saltwater aquarium? A) The cells of the plant would burst as water from the aquarium moved into the plant. B) The cells of the plant would shrink as water from the plant moved into the aquarium. C) The solution inside each cell would get salty as the saltwater moved into the plant. D) The saltwater would not affect the plant in any way.
Osmosis
65) The type of diffusion in which water moves down a concentration gradient is called ________.
vesicles
66) Exocytosis and endocytosis both involve membrane-bound ________ that can fuse with plasma membranes.
A
67) During exocytosis, large substances are moved A) out of the cell. B) into the cell. C) between organelles. D) through protein channels in the plasma membrane.
A
68) According to the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, what proportion of a healthy diet should consist of meat and beans? A) about 10% B) about 20% C) about 30% D) about 40%
C
69) If you put together a plate that included all of the food groups in the proportions that are recommended by the USDA, which of these would take up the largest portion of the plate? A) fruits B) vegetables C) grains D) meat and beans
Dehydration
7) Sports drinks that have a solute concentration that is higher than blood might cause ________ when you drink them.
B
70) When you eat a piece of toast that has been spread with butter, your body breaks the food down into mainly A) amino acids and glycerol. B) glycerol, fatty acids, and monosaccharides. C) monosaccharides and amino acids. D) fatty acids, amino acids, and polysaccharides.
C
71) Monosaccharides can be used by body cells A) to build membranes. B) to produce enzymes. C) for energy production. D) to store energy.
B
72) Which of these has not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration for safety and effectiveness? A) aspirin B) multivitamin C) antibiotic D) cough medicine
A
8) Which macronutrient is the major source of energy for cell processes? A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) fats D) water
A
9) Table sugar (sucrose) belongs to which category of nutrients? A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) fats D) minerals
D
Which of the following can't freely pass through a cell membrane without going through a protein channel? A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) water D) calcium ions