Biology Ch. 15, 16, 17, 18 Quiz

_____________ speciation occurs when new species arise from 2 or more geographically isolated populations of the original parent population

allopatric

__ is mating between relatives and can cause rare recessive disorders to emerge more frequently.

inbreeding

Any deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in allele frequencies in a population ____

indicates that evolution IS occurring

__________ evolution is best described as large scale evolution best observed within the fossil record

macro

When 2 species are physically incapable of reproducing because of incompatible anatomy, _____________ isolation is in place

mechanical

Evolutionary change within population is ___

microevolution

A condition that can help maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is ____

random mating

In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, 2pq represents ____.

the frequency of the heterozygous genotype

Among a population of 100 wolves, where grey (G) is the dominant color over white (g), there are 16 white wolves. What is the frequency of the DOMINANT allele if p + q = 1

0.60

Using the same 100 wolves, what is the frequency of the DOMINANT allele if p = 80 grey wolves.

0.80

Natural selection was independently proposed as a means of evolution by Darwin AND ____

1. Wallace **** 2. Lyle 3. Lamarck 4. LeClerc

A population must have ______ for natural selection to occur.

A) Abundant resources B) A stable environment C) Many individuals D) Inheritable variation***

What is the main reason that the alternative explanations to evolution are not considered scientific?

A) All of these are reasons why the alternative explanations are not considered testable B) The scientific community is biased and will not look at any other explanation C) The alternative explanations are not testable by the scientific method. **** D) The people suggesting the alternative explanations are not scientists

A line of evidence likely not considered by Darwin in his development of the theory of natural selection is

A) Biogeography B) The fossil record C) Comparative anatomy D) Comparative biochemistry.***

The distribution of species can help provide information about all of the following except ________

A) Ecological change B) Past geological events C) Formation of volcanic islands D) The movement of continents E) The time period in which a species was present on Earth ***

Which of the following ideas was a commonly held in the eighteenth century?

A) Evolution by natural selection over time B) Genetic change through mutation C) The fixity of species*** D) Changes in a species through adaptation to the environment

During the course of Darwin's journey aboard the H.M.S. Beagle he was collecting and recording ________ and __________.

A) Geological; biological diversity evidence **** B) Biological; genetic evidence C) Religious; political evidence D) Historical; biological evidence

_____________________ model of evolution explains that there are periods of species stability punctuated by abrupt speciation

A) Gradualistic B) Homologous C) Analogous D) Punctuated Equilibrium****

Which of the following is a post-zygotic isolating mechanism?

A) Habitat isolation B) Temporal isolation C) Hybrid sterility*** D) Mechanical isolation

Which of the following best explains the difference between hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility?

A) Hybrid inviability is when the hybrid zygote develops into a infertile adult, while hybrid sterility is when a hybrid zygote is not sustainable and dies. B) Hybrid inviability is when a hybrid zygote is not viable and dies, while hybrid sterility is when a hybrid zygote develops into a sterile adult.****

Which of the following is an example of gamete isolation?

A) Individuals of neighboring populations cannot mate because their reproductive anatomy is incompatible B) Individuals of neighboring populations do not mate because their reproductive cycles occur at different times of the year C) Individuals of neighboring populations mate, but the sperm and egg cannot fuse due to chemical incompatibility****

Which of the following is not involved in natural selection?

A) Inheritable variation is present from gamete formation. B) There is always competition for resources. C) Organisms differ in reproductive success. D) The desired traits are chosen by a breeder. ****

Cutting off the tails of mice over several generations should cause the tails of their offspring to become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

A) Lyell B) Lamarck*** C) Cuvier D) Darwin

Transitional forms are seen in the fossil record that links all of these groups, except

A) Mammals and birds **** (mammals and reptiles are linked!) B) Reptiles and amphibians C) Mammals and reptiles D) Fish and amphibians E) Birds and reptiles

Which of the following best defines Pre-zygotic Isolating mechanisms?

A) Mechanisms that allow fertilization to occur but prevent offspring from being able to reproduce themselves B) Mechanisms that allow fertilization, but prevent full development of an embryo into an adult C) Mechanisms that prevent reproduction attempts or make it unlikely that fertilization will be successful if mating is attempted****

Which of the following best describes a biological species?

A) Members of a species have a common gene pool B) Members of a species can interbreed C) Member of a species are unable to successfully breed with members of a different species D) All of the above*** E) A & B only F) A & C only G) B & C only

Which of the following is an example of evolution that can be observed and studied?

A) Resistance of HIV to drug treatment B) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics C) Resistance of weeds to select herbicides D) All are examples of evolution that can be observed and studied. ****

Evolution by natural selection requires ____.

A) differential reproduction B) inheritable genetic differences C) differential adaptiveness D) all of the above***

When two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype, then __ selection occurs:

A) disruptive*** B) directional C) stabilizing

Random mating occurs when __

A) females choose a mate based on his ability to provide B) individuals pair according to genotypes C) individuals pair by chance alone*** D) males compete for a female

Which of the following is NOT an example of directional selection?

A) increasing resistance of the malaria-causing protozoan to chloroquine B) the gradual increase in size of the modern horse C) increasing number of dark-colored peppered moths during the industrial revolution D) stabilization of human birth weight***

The shift in the population of peppered moths from 10% dark colored moths prior to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain to 80% dark colored moths illustrates ____.

A) microevolution B) macroevolution C) industrial melanism D) both A and C ***

Variation in a eukaryotic gene pool is maintained by ___.

A) mutation B) gene flow C) sexual recombination D) all of above***

Which of the following might be a cause of genetic drift?

A) overharvesting B) habitat loss C) earthquake D) all of the above***

When an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction, then __ selection has occurred

A) stabilizing B) disruptive C) continuous D) directional****

A recessive allele that causes polydactylism is found in a significant percentage of Pennsylvania Amish and is thought to have occurred when a small colony was isolated from the larger population. The descriptive term for this type of genetic drift is:

A) stabilizing selection B) industrial melanism C) founder effect**** D) sexual selection

How do reproductive isolating mechanisms function?

A)inhibit gene flow between species*** B) inhibit niche habitation C) inhibit overlapping diurnal rhythms among species D) all of the above

Over many generations man has chosen certain desirable characteristics in dogs by allowing dogs possessing those characteristics to reproduce. In this way, 150 breeds of dogs, all in the same species, have descended from wolves. This process is referred to as

Artificial selection

__ is a type of genetic drift in which the loss of genetic diversity is due to natural disasters

Bottleneck effect

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is also known as

Descent with modification

Analogous structures serve the same function, are similarly constructed and are inherited from a common ancestor.

False

All of the alleles on the chromosomes of all individuals make up the __ of the population

Gene Pool

Who was the author of the book Principles of Geology? The book presented arguments to support a theory of geological change, proposing that the earth was subject to slow but continuous erosion and uplift?

Lyell

All the members of a single species occupying a particular area at a specific time comprise a _______

Population

Two fossilized remains are found and scientists assume the two organisms are different but related. Which of the following would determine the relatedness of these two organisms?

Question 9 options: A) Homologous structures B) Vestigial structures C) Biogeography D) All of the choices could be examined to determine relatedness ***

Most of Darwin's observations about changes in species over time and in different environments took place in and near

South America

In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, (p2 + 2pq + q2), p represents __.

The frequency of the dominant allele

HIV and cancer cells are becoming more drug resistant over time.

True

Marsupials are more numerous in Australia than South America because of less competition with placental mammals.

True

Once exposed to an antibiotic drug, bacteria will develop a resistance in order to survive and then pass the resistance onto subsequent generations. This is an example of Lamark's idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

True ?