Biology Ch 27: Characteristics of Life -If the question does not start capitalized choose the answer that is capitalized.
Examples of Respondsiveness
1. Skin tans 2. Sweating when we are hot
heterotrophs, multicellular
All the members of the kingdom Animalia are ____________, are _____________ and have cells without cell walls.
bilaterally
The butterfly is ___________ symmetrical.
Growth
increase in the number or size of cells.
Reproduction
process by which organisms make more of their own kind
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
1. Movement 2. Excretion 3. Respiration 4. Responsiveness 5. Growth 6. Reproduction 7. Nutrition
What are the 7 themes of Biology?
1. Structure and Function 2. Homeostasis 3. Evolution 4. Reproduction 5. Heredity 6. Interdependence 7. Metabolism
Examples of excretion
1. Sweating 2. Urination 3. Defecation 4. Exocytosis by cells 5. Salt excretion in plants
tissue
A ______ is a group of dissimilar cells that are organized into a functional unit.
one
A gastrovascular cavity is a digestive cavity with ___ opening.
complex, rapid
A most striking characteristic of animals that distinguishes them from other kingdoms is that members of the animal kingdom are capable of more _______ and _____ movements.
cell walls
All animal cells do NOT have _________.
acoelomate
An animal without a body cavity is called a(n) ___________
radial symmetry
Animals whose body parts are arranged around a central point, like spokes around the hub of a wheel, has ______ ________.
invertebrates
Animals without backbones are called ______________.
skin, nervous
As an animal develops, the ectoderm becomes the ____ and _______ system.
identical
Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically _________ to the parent.
Example of an organism that does asexual reproduction
Bacteria, protist, hydra
blastula
Cells within the ________ eventually develop into three distinct tissue layers.
anterior
Cephalization concentrates sensory organs in the ________ end of an animal.
sensory organs
Cephalization is characterized by the concentration of _____________ in the anterior end.
breaking down
Digestion functions as a mechanism for ____________ food into smaller molecules.
annelids, echinoderms, mollusks
Groups of invertebrates that are coelomates include ________, ___________, and ________.
eggs, sperm
Hermaphroditic organisms produce both ____ and _____.
bathed
In an open circulatory system, body tissues are ______ directly in fluid containing oxygen.
gametes
In most animal species, the _______ are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.
brain
In some animals, ganglia at the anterior end of the animal serve as a primitive _____.
internal
Most terrestrial animals reproduce sexually using ________ fertilization.
produces changes in organisms.
Natural Selection and mutations ___________________________.
hermaphrodite
Organisms that produces both eggs and sperm is call a ____________.
circulatory
Oxygen and nutrients are transported around an animal's body by the ___________ system.
very small
Pseudocoelomates must be _________ or have body shapes with short distances between organs and the body surface.
jellyfish, comb jellies, hydra
Radially symmetrical phyla include _________, ___________, and the _____.
pseudocoelom
Roundworms have a fluid-filled cavity between the gut and body wall called a ___________,
heterotrophs
Since animals cannot make their own food, they are said to be ____________.
symmetry
Since sponges do not have body parts that grow around a central point as do all other animals, the sponges are said to lack ________.
effectively
Specialized cells can carry out their tasks more ____________ than cells that must do many tasks.
majority
The ________ of animal species are classified as invertebrates.
exoskeleton
The ___________ of arthropods is hard and encases the body.
flatworms
The acoelomate body type is exemplified by _________.
front
The anterior end is commonly called the _____ end.
specialize
The most important advantage to multicellularity is that individual cells can _________ in one life task.
flight
The presence of _______ is unique to certain animals.
radial
The sea anemone exhibits ______ symmetry.
are heterotrophs
Without exception, all animals ___ ___________.
sponges
_______ are asymmetrical.
coelom
___________ is a fluid-filled cavity that develops within the mesoderm of higher invertebrates and vertebrates.
multicellularity
________________ enables individual cells to specialize on one life task.
Coelom
a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
Closed Circulatory System
a circulatory system in which the heart circulates blood through a network of vessels that form a closed loop; the blood does not leave the blood vessels, and materials diffuse across the walls of the vessels
Open Circulatory System
a circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood
Phylogenetic Tree
a family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
Species
a group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring.
Blastula
a hollow ball of cells that marks the end of the cleavage stage during early embryonic development in animals.
Homeostatic Mechanism
a regulatory mechanism that contributes to maintaining a state of equilibrium.
Homeostasis
a regulatory process in which an organism regulates its internal environment. Maintaining stable internal conditions by regulating water, temperature, salt, sugar, etc.
Asexual Reproduction
a single parent passes copies of all its genes to each of its offspring.
Hydrostatic Skeleton
a skeletal system composed of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment; the main skeleton of most cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, and annelids.
Coelomate
an animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).
Hermaphrodite
an individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.
Pseudocoelomate
an organism that has a body cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm tissues that is partially lined with mesoderm tissues
Asymmetrical
animals with no general body plan, these animals have no definite or irregular shape
Organism
any living thing
Ventral
at the belly side of the body
Cells
basic unit of life, capable of performing life functions.
bilateral symmetry
body plan in which a single imaginary line can divide the body into left and right sides that are mirror images of one another
Radial Symmetry
body plan in which any number of imaginary planes drawn through the center of the body could divide it into equal halves a body plan in which the parts of an animal's body are organized in a circle around a central axis
Ecology
branch of Biology that studies the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment.
All living organisms are made up of one or more _________.
cells
Mutation
changes in DNA
Gastrovascular Cavity
digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food
Excretion
getting rid of wastes.
Example of a species
humans (Homo sapiens)
Endoderm
innermost germ layer; develops into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system
Bio means:
life or living
Anterior
located towards the front of the body
Oxygen regulation
maintaining constant oxygen levels in the body.
Thermoregulation
maintaining constant temperature.
Water regulation
maintaining constant water levels in the body
Example of Movement
materials moving through your cells and your body.
Mesoderm
middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
DNA
molecule that carries genetic information about our traits.
Ectoderm
one of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin, hair, nails, and inner linings of the mouth and anus, as well as the entire nervous system.
Respondsiveness
organism respond to their environment and adapt to conditions. If they cannot adapt they will not survive.
Interdependence
organisms in a biological community live and interact with other organisms. Organisms are dependent on one another.
Heredity
passing of traits from parents to offspring
Dorsal
pertaining to the back
Movement
physical motion, going from one place to another.
Internal Fertilization
process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female's body
Metabolism
process in which organisms carry out many chemical reactions to get energy.
Gene
short segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein (trait)/
Body Plan
term used to describe an animal's shape, symmetry, and internal organization
Natural Selection
the best adapted organisms will survive and reproduce.
Mechanism
the combination of components and processes that serve a common function
Cephalization
the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.
Respiration
the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell Metabolic processes that produce energy (ATP) for all the life processes.
Gill
the paired respiratory organ of fishes and some amphibians, by which oxygen is extracted from water flowing over surfaces within or attached to the walls of the pharynx.
Nutrition
the process by which an organism absorbs "foods" to carry out life functions.
External Fertilization
the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female
Ology means:
the study of
Biology
the study of life
Posterior
toward the back