Biology Ch 3.1 What Is Ecology?
An assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area is called a _______
community
Interdependence is a noun that means _______
dependence between or among individuals or things
Biotic and abiotic factors are _____, meaning that they.....
dynamic constantly affect each other
Organisms in the biosphere interact with each other and with their surroundings, or environment. The study of these interactions is called _______
ecology
The Greek word oikos is also the root of the word _____
economics
All the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment, is known as an _______
ecosystem
Interactions within the biosphere produce a web of _________ between organisms and the environments in which they live
interdependence
The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including....
land, water, and the atmosphere
As their common root implies, human economics and ecology are ______
linked
A biotic factor is any _____ part of the environment with which an organism might _______, including animals, plants, mushrooms, and bacteria
living interact
A forest around a pond also affects the humidity of air close to the ground. The roots of trees and other plants determines how much ____ is held in place and how much washes into the pond
soil
A ______ is a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
species
The biosphere extends from about _____ kilometers above Earth's surface to as far as _____ kilometers below the surface of the ocean
8 11
Taking a slightly wider view, the ____ conditions around the mucky shoreline are strongly influenced by _____
abiotic living organisms
Physical components of an ecosystem are called ______
abiotic factors
Physical components of an ecosystem are called ___________
abiotic factors
The difference between biotic and abiotic factors may seem to be clear and simple. But if you think carefully, you will realize that many physical factors can be strongly influenced by the _____ of organisms
activities
Biotic factors relating to a bullfrog, for example, might include _____ it eats as a tadpole, _____ it eats as an adult, _____ that eat bullfrogs, and other species that compete with bullfrogs for _____ or _____
algae insects herons food space
Humans live within the ______ and depend on ______ processes to provide such essentials as food and drinkable water that can be bought and sold or traded
biosphere ecological
The biosphere contains every organism, from ________ living underground to giant _____ in rain forests, ______ in polar seas, ______ drifting through the air- and, of course, _______
bacteria trees whales mold spores humans
The prefix inter means __________
between or among
A ______ is a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
biome
Our entire planet, with all its organisms and physical environments, is known as the _______
biosphere
When biologists want to talk about life on a global scale, they use the term ______
biosphere
Even certain chemical conditions in the soil around the pond are affected by living organisms. If most trees nearby are oaks, the soil will be more alkaline. This kind of dynamic mix of _____ and _____ factors shapes every environment
biotic abiotic
Like all ecosystems, this pond is affected by a combination of _____ and ______
biotic abiotic
Some environmental factors, such as the muck around the edges of the pond, are a mix of _____ and ______ components
biotic abiotic
The biological influences on organisms are called ______
biotic factors
The biological influences on organisms are called _________
biotic factors
Environmental conditions include ______ and ______
biotic factors abiotic factors
The physical environment and organisms are considered interdependent because changes in one causes ____ in the other
changes
Interactions among nature's "houses" are based on ______ and ________
energy nutrients
Ecologists use the word ________ to refer to all conditions, or factors, surrounding an organism
environment
But typical pond muck also contains leaf mold and other decomposing plant materials produced by trees and other plants around the pond. That material is decomposing because it serves as _____ for bacteria and fungi that live in the muck
food
The root of the word ecology is the Greek word oikos, which means "_______."
house
Economics is concerned with human "______" and human ______ based on money or trade
houses interactions
So, ecology is the study of nature's "______" and the _____ that live in those houses
houses organisms
Each of these approaches relies on scientific _______ to guide inquiry
methodology
Bullfrogs hang out, for example, in soft muck along the shores of ponds. You might think that this muck is strictly part of the physical environment., because it contains _____ particles of sand and mud
nonliving
An abiotic factor is any _______ part of the environment, such as _____, _______, precipitation, humidity, wind or water currents, soil type, and so on.
nonliving sunlight heat
What are their three methods?
observation experimentation modeling
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among _____ and between organisms and their _______
organisms physical environment
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among _______ and their _______
organisms physical environment
A _______ is a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
population
Organisms _____ to their environments and can also ______ their environments, producing an ever-changing, or dynamic, ______
respond change biosphere
A leafy canopy of trees and shrubs often shade the pond's shoreline from direct _____ and protect it from strong ______
sun winds
In this way, organisms living around the pond strongly affect the amount of sunlight the shoreline receives and the range of _____ it experiences
temperatures
Modern ecologists use _____ methods in their work
three