Biology Ch 4 practice questions

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities? A) Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. B) Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. C) Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. D) Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures.

A) Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved A) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. B) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using photosynthetic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using scavenger bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into lysosomes. D) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

A) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures? A) microtubules and motor proteins B) actin filaments and microtubules C) actin filaments and motor proteins D) centrioles and motor proteins

A) microtubules and motor proteins

Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor are membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is likely to be a common component shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors? A) ribosomes B) chloroplasts C) mitochondria D) nuclear envelope

A) ribosomes

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in A) vacuoles. B) chloroplasts. C) mitochondria. D) lysosomes. E) nucleoli.

B) chloroplasts

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) central vacuoles D) peroxisomes

B) lysosomes

Which of the following will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells? A) cell wall B) mitochondria C) chloroplast D) nucleoid E) capsule

B) mitochondria

In an animal cell, DNA may be found A) only in the nucleus. B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria. C) only in the nucleus and rough ER. D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and rough ER.

B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely A) producing primarily proteins for secretion. B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. C) producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components. D) producing primarily an abundance of new membranes. E) enlarging its vacuole.

B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) detoxification of toxins B) protein modification and sorting C) synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins D) assembly of ribosomal subunits

B) protein modification and sorting

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? A) rough ER B) smooth ER C) Golgi apparatus D) nuclear envelope E) lysosomes

B) smooth ER

The membranes of various organelles in the endomembrane display differences in their lipid and protein compositions. These differences are largely established by A) the transport and exchange of membrane lipids among organelles of the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. B) the function of the Golgi apparatus in modifying, sorting, and directing membrane components to their final destinations. C) the modification of membrane components once they reach their final destination. D) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

B) the function of the Golgi apparatus in modifying, sorting, and directing membrane components to their final destinations

Eukaryote cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? A) laminin B) tubulin C) actin D) myosin

B) tubulin

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

B) vacuole

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct? A) Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. B) Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. C) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. D) DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea.

C) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. C) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. D) In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell.

C) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar to which of the following structures in animal cells? A) peroxisomes B) desmosomes C) gap junctions D) extracellular matrix E) tight junctions

C) gap junctions

Signals from the ECM to the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by A) fibronectin. B) proteoglycans. C) integrins. D) collagen. E) middle lamella.

C) integrins

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following? A) gap junctions B) cellulose fibers C) integrins D) plasmodesmata

C) integrins

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes? A) rough ER B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

C) mitochondrion

A double membrane encloses which of the following organelles? A) only nuclei B) only mitochondria C) nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts D) nuclei and lysosomes

C) nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. D) animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated.

C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm

Which of the following organelles is found exclusively in plant cells? A) peroxisomes B) Golgi apparatus C) plastids D) nuclei

C) plastids

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) lipids B) glycogen C) proteins D) cellulose E) nucleic acids

C) proteins

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell? A) smooth ER B) lysosomes C) rough ER D) Golgi vesicles E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes

C) rough ER

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to A) form cleavage furrows during cell division. B) migrate by amoeboid movement. C) separate chromosomes during cell division. D) extend pseudopods. E) maintain the shape of the nucleus.

C) separate chromosomes during cell division

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) ribosome B) lysosome C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondrion

C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be defective in this condition? A) the endoplasmic reticulum B) the Golgi apparatus C) the lysosome D) mitochondrion

C) the lysosome

Passive movement of fluids and bacteria from the interior of the small intestine through the space between cells of the intestinal wall can cause serious infection and medical complications. Defects in which of the following would be associated with such a condition? A) cell walls B) gap junctions C) tight junctions D) middle lamella E) desmosomes

C) tight junctions

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Bacteria and Protista C) Archaea and Protista D) Bacteria and Archaea

D) Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? A) lysosome B) peroxisome C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus

D) Golgi apparatus

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its A) nuclear lamina B) nuclear lamina and extracellular matrix. C) smooth ER and Golgi apparatus. D) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.

D) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix

Which of the following is one of the reasons why the mitochondrion is not classified as part of the endomembrane system? A) It has a double membrane structure. B) It is not involved in protein synthesis. C) It produces a special class of transport vesicles. D) It is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi.

D) It is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions? A) Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. B) Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. C) Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. D) Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another.

D) Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another

Which organelles or structures are absent in plant cells? A) mitochondria B) microtubules C) Golgi apparatus D) centrosomes E) peroxisomes

D) centrosomes

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and A) combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. B) combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate water. C) combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water. D) combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.

D) combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? A) the nuclear envelope B) membrane proteins C) the extracellular matrix D) cytoskeletal structures E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall

D) cytoskeletal structures

If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one generation, where will radioactively labeled macromolecules be detected? A) only in the nucleus B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria C) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

What types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER? A) ribosomal proteins B) soluble cytosolic proteins C) mitochondrial proteins D) lysosomal proteins

D) lysosomal proteins

What types of proteins are synthesized somewhere other than the rough ER? A) plasma membrane proteins B) extracellular matrix proteins C) secreted proteins D) mitochondrial proteins

D) mitochondrial proteins

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells? A) in the cytoplasm B) on the nucleoid membrane C) on the endoplasmic reticulum D) on the plasma membrane

D) on the plasma membrane

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell? A) plasma membrane → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → rough ER B) Golgi → rough ER → transport vesicle → plasma membrane C) rough ER → transport vesicle → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane D) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane E) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → lysosome → plasma membrane

D) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Intermediate filaments attach to which of the following structures in the plasma membrane? A) extracellular matrix B) gap junctions C) tight junctions D) middle lamella E) desmosomes

E) desmosomes

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria? A) DNA B) flagella C) plasma membrane D) ribosomes E) endoplasmic reticulum

E) endoplasmic reticulum

A 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules, is associated with A) motile cilia centrioles B) centrioles only C) both eukaryotic and bacterial flagella D) eukaryotic flagella only E) eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

E) eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through A) plasmodesmata. B) intermediate filaments. C) tight junctions. D) desmosomes. E) gap junctions.

E) gap junctions

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to A) perform amoeboid movement. B) form cleavage furrows. C) contract muscle fibers. D) extend pseudopodia. E) move vesicles around the cell.

E) move vesicles around the cell

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

E) peroxisome

Extracellular matrix proteins are produced by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell? A) lysosomes B) cytoplasm C) nuclear envelope D) Golgi apparatus E) rough ER

E) rough ER