Biology Ch.12 Test

Separate

During replication, the two nucleotide chains __________.

Complimentary

Each strand of the DNA molecule can be used to make another strand during replication. This is because the two sides are ______________ to each other.

The nucleus

In what part of the cell does replication occur?

Hydrogen, nitrogen bases

The first step in replication is to break the _________ bonds between the __________ _____.

DNA polymerase

The main enzyme of replication whose function is to link together individual nucleotides along a template strand is called ____ __________.

Replication

The process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecule.

Replication forks

The sites where nucleotides are added are called ___________ ______.

Nucleases

These enzymes cut out damaged sections of DNA.

Helicase

This enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases.

DNA polymerase

This enzyme fills the resulting gaps with new nucleotides.

DNA polymerase

This enzyme proofreads each strand and a looks for errors.

Mutation

This is what you call a change in the base sequence of DNA.

Liagases

This then seals the free ends , making the strand complete.

True

True or false? At the end of replication each DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.

True

True or false? DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecule, speeding up the process of replication.

False

True or false? Damage to DNA can never be repaired.

True

True or false? Replication results in two copies of the DNA molecule.

False

True or false? The primary purpose of replication is to produce new DNA strands that are very different from the old strands.

True

True or false? The process of DNA replication produces an identical copy of the original DNA strand.

False

True or false? The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and proceeds to the other end.

-Proofread new strands as they're being made -add new nucleotides to the newly forming strands

What are two functions of DNA polymerase during replication?

A=T and C=G

What is known as "base-pairing" rules?

Quickens the process.

What is the advantage to the multiple sites of replication along the DNA molecule?

To store instructions that tells cells what proteins to make.

What is the primary function of DNA?

Covalent bonds

What type of bond connects one nucleotide to the next?

Hydrogen bonds

What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix?

Identical, cell division

When replication is complete two _________copies of the DNA have been produced and the cell is ready to begin ____ ____________.

Origins of replication

When replication occurs, it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule called ______ __ ___________,

Template

When the two nucleotide chains separate, each chain will serve as a ___________ for the production of the new chain.

D

Which of the following might cause accidental damages/changes in existing DNA? A) exposure to chemicals B) radioactivity C) x-rays D) all of the above

So that each new cell will receive an identical copy.

Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?