Biology ch.6 test bank

16) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

49) Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

A) abnormally shaped RBCs

58) In plant cells, the middle lamella _____.

A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another

35) Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____.

A) chloroplasts

38) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____.

A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

46) Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves _____.

A) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

59) Where would you expect to find tight junctions?

A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach

41) Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____.

A) mitochondria

27) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

A) rough ER

51) Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

A) tubulin

11) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

B) Bacteria and Archaea

Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

B) Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.

9) Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

6) A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

B) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images.

24) Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

B) chloroplast

44) Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

B) flagella and motile cilia

26) The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the _____.

B) function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components

56) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

B) gap junctions

34) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

B) mitochondrion

21) A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____.

B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

13) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

B) ribosome

29) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

B) smooth ER

23) A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____.

B) synthesize large quantities of lipids

22) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

B) vacuole

31) What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

30) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

C) Golgi apparatus

54) A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its _____.

C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix

52) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

18) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

C) Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

10) You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

C) Round the clay up into a sphere.

61) Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism. This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.

C) The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.

60) H. V. Wilson worked with sponges to gain some insight into exactly what was responsible for holding adjacent cells together. He exposed two species of differently pigmented sponges to a chemical that disrupted the cell-cell interaction (cell junctions), and the cells of the sponges dissociated. Wilson then mixed the cells of the two species and removed the chemical that caused the cells to dissociate. Wilson found that the sponges reassembled into two separate species. The cells from one species did not interact or form associations with the cells of the other species. How do you explain the results of Wilson's experiments?

C) The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) differed between the two species of sponge.

53) The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

C) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.

20) The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

C) a change in the shape of the nucleus

33) Which of the following is NOT true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria _____.

C) are part of the endomembrane system

15) Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

C) centrosomes

43) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

C) components of the cytoskeleton

39) Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER?

C) in mitochondria

36) In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____.

C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

17) Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

C) mRNA

12) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

C) mitochondrion

40) Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____.

C) nearly any eukaryotic organism

19) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

C) proteins

45) Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to _____.

C) separate chromosomes during cell division

8) Cell size is limited by _____.

C) surface to volume ratios

28) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

C) the lysosome

14) In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____.

C) the nucleoid

25) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.

48) Cilia and flagella bend because of _____.

D) a motor protein called dynein

7) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____.

D) an endoplasmic reticulum

57) Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through _____.

D) gap junctions

55) The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

D) integrins

32) Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____.

D) lysosomes

42) Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

D) mitochondria

47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement or transport of vesicles. What were they missing?

D) motor proteins

50) Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to _____.

D) move vesicles within a cell

37) In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and _____.

D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

4) What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

1) The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a _____.

a mitochondrion.

5) What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

light microscopy

2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that _____.

light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.

3) In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____.

the size and weight of the component.