Biology Chapter 17 Review

What are the rules for when you are using the scientific name (Binomial nomenclature)?

* You capitalize the genus and not the species. * If you are writing it on paper you underline it. * It you are typing it then you italicize it .

Classify to the kingdom level an organism that has organ systems lacks cell walls, and ingesta food

Animalia

In which would prokaryotes found living in acid runoff or sulfur wants of volcanoes likely be classified?

Archaea

Predict in which domain a taxonomist would place a newly discovered photosynthetic organisms that has cells without membrane-bound organelles and mo peptidoglycan.

Archaea

Who was the first person to classify living things?

Aristotle

What is Monera?

Bacteria

Which substance would most likely be in the cell walls of an organism with chloroplasts and tissues?

Cellulose

What is the broadest of all the taxa categories?

Domain

Which taxon contains one ore more kingdoms?

Domain

List the taxonomic categories from broad to specific?

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

What are the three domain and the kingdoms listed underneath them?

Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria Domain: Archaea Archaebacteria Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

What is the taxonomic categories for a human?

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animala Phylum: Chordata Sub Phylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens

What is the second name in binomial nomenclature?

Epithet

Examples of the Kingdoms

Eubacteria: Pseudomonas, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria Archaebacteria: Methanopyrus, Halophiles, Methanogens, Thermophiles, Psychrophiles Protista: Paramecium -algae, paramecium, and amoeba Fungi: Muchroom, Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold Plantae: Moss, Mosses, Flowering plants, Gymnosperms, Liverworts, Ferns Animalia: Earthworm, Mammals, Amphibians, Sponges, Insects, Worms

Aristotle

He was a Greek philosopher who classified things as either animals or plants.

Linnaeus

His system was the first formal system of taxonomic organization. He also came up with Binomial nomenclature.

Preprepared to have some names and say hey there are a problem?

Horsefly, Sea Cucumber, Sea Horse. These names are all misleading.

Explain how to use a dichotomous key and why would you use it (how)?

It is used to identify organisms. It is a key based on a series of choices between alternate characteristics. Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics of identify the organism. you would use it when you are trying to figure our what a organism is as ed on physical characteristics.

What was Linnaeus's system of classification?

It was based on behavioral and morphological similarities and differences among organisms.

Indicate the relationships between domains and kingdoms

Kingdoms fit within the domain.

Binomial nomenclature

Linnaeus's system of naming organisms, which gives a scientific two-word Latin name to each species-first part of the same genus and the second is the specific epithet or specific name.

What is an example of archaebacteria?

Methanopyrus

On what did Lines have his classification?

Morphology and habitat

What is an example of fungi?

Muchroom

Explain the difference between phylogeny and character?

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of species. Character is inherited features the very among species.

In which kingdom would this organism, which had chloroplast, cell walls, by no organs, be classified?

Protista

What is an example of eubacteria?

Pseudomonas

All organisms are grouped into ____ which range in specificity of criteria.

Taxa

Explain the difference between Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi based on substances in their cell walls.

The difference between Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi is that Kingdom Protista cell walls have cellulose in some of them. The Kingdom Fungi cell walls have chitin.

Fully explain the correct way to express scientific naming

The rules of binomial nomenclature is that the first letter in the genus name is capitalized. The species name is all lowercase. When writing that name on paper you underline it and when you type it on a computer you need to italicise it. you can also abbreviate the the genus name by just putting the first letter in the name and you still need to make sure it is capitalized. Then you leave the species name as is. You use theses rules when you are using the scientific name of a creature.

Characters

These are inherited morphological or biochemical feature that varies among species and can be used to determine patterns of descent.

What does autotroph mean?

These are organisms that make their own food.

Archaea

These are prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.

Eubacteria

These are prokaryotes with peptidoglycan-containing cell walls.

What does heterotrophic?

They eat other organisms.

Cladogram

This is a branching diagram that represents the proposed phylogeny of evolutionary history of a species or group.

Molecular Clock

This is a model that uses comparison of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change.

Taxon

This is a named group of organisms, such as phylum, genus, or species.

Genus

This is a taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor.

Domain

This is a taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms.

Phylum

This is a taxonomic group of related classes.

Kingdom

This is a taxonomic group of related phyla or divisions.

Family

This is a taxonomic group of similar, related genera that is smaller than a genus and larger than an order.

Class

This is a taxonomic group that contains one or more related orders.

Order

This is a taxonomic group that contains related families.

Cladistics

This is a taxonomic method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor.

Fungus

This is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls the contain chitin.

Protist

This is a unicellular, multicellular or colonial eukaryote whose cell walls may contain cellulose; can be plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike.

Taxonomy

This is the branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationship.

Phylogeny

This is the evolutionary history of a species.

Classification

This is the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information.

Explain how morphology (Structural) assist taxonomist in determining relationships between different species.

You can see things like bone strict in that tells you that there is a common ancestor linked between two things.

Division

You use this term instead of phylum for the classification of bacteria and plants.

What is an example of animalia?

earthworm

What is an example of plantae?

moss

What is an example of protista?

paramecium