Biology- Chapter 22: Evolution

Aneuploidy

A condition where a gain or loss of chromosomes gives a complement that is less or more than 2n.

mule, donkey

An example of hybrid sterility

Charles Darwin

Credited with proposing the theory of evolution in 1859 (two words)

Palentology

Georges Cuvier-father of ____

are sterile

Hybrid polyploid individuals

acquired

In Lamarck's theory of evolution, change was based on the inheritance of ________ characteristics.

Alfred Russel Wallace

Independently arrived at the same theory of evolution as Darwin

stabilizing selection

Kind of selection that occurs when the environment is relatively constant for a long period of time

Fossils

Remains or imprints of early life-forms preserved in rock

pre-zygotic barriers

Reproductive isolation that inhibits mating and egg fertilization

hybrid inviability

Reproductive isolation that negatively affects the viability and fertilization of hybrids

Evolution

Species development through the hereditary transmission of small variations from generation to generation

Sympatric

Species occupying the same range

Mutations

Spontaneous changes in genes or chromosomes

random mating

The breeding condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

adaptive radiation

The generation of new species from preexisting ones to the most important requirement for a population to be considered a species (two words).

Euploidy

The situation in which complete sets of chromosomes are gained or lost, giving a chromosome number that is a multiple of n other than 2.

gene flow

The transfer of genes from one population's gene pool to that of another

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Theorized on the principle of use and disuse

Adaptation

Variations that are beneficial to organisms in certain environments, contributing to their survival

Charles Lyell

Wrote Principles of Geology

natural selection

Darwin's idea that the struggle for survival was based on nature, permitting only the fittest organisms to breed (two words).