Biology Chapter 3 Part 1

All living things consist of one or more

cell

What did Robert Hooke call the little units he observed when he viewed cork under lenses of glass?

cells

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of

cells

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

chemical composition of flagella molecules that compose the cell membranes evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes

The head of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus water-insoluble.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly sliced specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

light microscope

The ______ microscope is ideal for viewing living cells that are between 200 nanometers and 1 millimeter in size.

living

All cells have a cell ________________ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

membrane

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the

outside environment

In cell membranes, what part of a phospholipid molecule is oriented toward the outside of the bilayer?

phosphate head

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

phospholipid

______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

prokaryotic

In all cells, RNA and ribosomes play a role in the production of ______, which are molecules that carry out all of the cell's work.

proteins

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

nucleus larger than prokaryotic cells system of internal membranes

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

- transport substances into and out of the cell - receive and respond to external stimuli - enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

Phospholipid

The molecule shown in the picture is a

Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.

enzymes DNA ribosomes cytoplasm

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes molecules that compose the cell membranes chemical composition of flagella

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

Eukarya

What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

Hooke

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s.

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. All organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells originate from preexisting cells.

the ________ theory states that all life is composed of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of all life.

cell

Select all of the following that are true about prokaryotes.

lack a nucleus simplest types of life most ancient forms of life on Earth