Biology Chapter 4 Test
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
Gap (communicating) junctions
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
Interrelated membranes.
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? -Mitochondrion. -Central vacuole. -Golgi apparatus. -Chloroplast. -Plasma membrane.
Mitochondrion.
Which is a typical function of lysosomes? -storage of food particles for energy purposes -keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment -rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins -breaking down of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts
breaking down of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts
Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells? -lysosome -Golgi apparatus -nucleus -chloroplast
chloroplast
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
cristae
Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart? -anchoring junctions -tight junctions -gap junctions -chemical synapses
gap junctions
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
nucleolus
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells?
plasmodesmata
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
Where is calcium stored?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What are the limits on which maximum cell size depends?
surface-to-volume ratio
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? -Golgi apparatus -cytoskeleton -mitochondria -flagellum -ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?
Cristae
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? -The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis. -The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell. -The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy. -The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. -The chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell.
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?
The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
The plant cell wall -regulates the composition of the cytoplasm. -is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. -is found just inside the plasma membrane. -is very similar to the animal cell wall. -makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy.
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?
lysosome
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells? -chloroplast -mitochondrion -peroxisome -lysosome
lysosome
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? -Golgi apparatus -rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -lysosomes -mitochondria
lysosomes
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be in which general functional category of organelle? (A) energy-processing (B) breakdown (C) support between cells (D) manufacturing
manufacturing
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
The protein actin is a component of a(n) _____.
microfilament
Integrins are proteins that are responsible for integrating changes that are occurring outside and inside the cell. They are able to do this because of _____.
microfilaments
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism? -Golgi apparatus -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondrion -nucleus
mitochondrion
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondrion -chromatin -ribosomes -nucleolus
mitochondrion
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? -nucleus -centrioles -flagellum -mitochondrion -peroxisome
peroxisome
The general function of _____ is the breakdown of substances.
peroxisomes
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) _____.
plant
Chloroplasts are found in _____.
plant cells and some protists
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a(n) _____.
plasmodesma
The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.
plasmodesmata
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? -presence of a cell wall -presence of a plasma membrane -replication of DNA -production of proteins
presence of a cell wall
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? ribosomes nucleolus Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a _____.
scanning electron microscope
Where are lipids made in the cell? -Golgi apparatus -smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -ribosomes -rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions? bone tissue stomach tissue root tissue brain tissue
stomach tissue
The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?
support, movement, and communication
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is _____.
10 to 100 micrometers
The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of _____.
ATP
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Basal bodies
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?
The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be _____. (A) a yeast (fungus) cell (B) a Paramecium (C) an archaean (D) a grasshopper cell
an archaean
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
Where would you expect to find contractile proteins in a cell?
cytoskeleton
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton.
During a bacterial infection, signals are produced that communicate with the nucleus via molecules found on the surface of specific cells. This allows for the recruitment of white blood cells. What molecules are communicating with the nucleus?
integrins
In a disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia, microtubules are disrupted, which results in abnormal ciliary movements. This disease could be caused by _____.
lack of dynein proteins
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus? -actin filaments -microtubules -microfilaments -intermediate filaments
microtubules
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? -plasma membrane -microfilaments -peroxisomes -chloroplasts -microtubules
microtubules
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
several million
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within plant cells?
thylakoid membrane
Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system? -transport vesicles -centrioles -chloroplasts -anchoring junctions
transport vesicles
The contractile vacuole _____. (A) converts light energy to chemical energy (B) eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists (C) contains trapped bacteria to be digested by the lysosomes (D) contains the cell sap
(B) eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Lysosomes are derived from _____ and function in _____. (A) microtubule organizing centers ... storage of ATP (B)symbiotic bacteria ...extrachromosomal inheritance (C)the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ...digestion of worn-out organelles (D)mitochondria ... anaerobic respiration
(C) the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ...digestion of worn-out organelles
Which of the following structures is/are found in prokaryotic cells? (A) nucleus (B) endoplasmic reticulum (C) mitochondria (D) ribosomes
(D) ribosomes
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____. -the Golgi apparatus -the nucleus -a ribosome -the plasma membrane -a microtubule
the plasma membrane
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? -plasmodesmata -tight junctions -desmosomes (anchoring junctions) -gap (communicating) junctions -keratin fibers
tight junctions
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? -Separating the cell from its surroundings -Converting light energy to chemical energy -Working with mRNA to synthesize proteins -Storing the genetic information of the cell -Storing compounds produced by the cell
Storing compounds produced by the cell
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
desmosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by -ribosomes. -the cytoskeleton. -the Golgi apparatus. -mitochondria. -the extracellular matrix.
ribosomes.
Pancreatic cells secrete lots of proteins. With this in mind, which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in pancreatic cells? -rough endoplasmic reticulum -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -lysosomes -microfilaments
rough endoplasmic reticulum
One function of the central vacuole in plants is growth. The central vacuole grows larger when there is an increase in the amount of stored material. An animal cell does not grow by this method. What is the essential difference between animals and plants that requires the central vacuole?
Cell wall.
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. -Plasma membranes; mitochondria -Chloroplasts; central vacuoles -Lysosomes; plasma membranes -Central vacuoles; ribosomes -Cell walls; chloroplasts
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
In human females, an ovum (egg cell) is not released directly from the ovary into the oviduct. Which mechanism below is the best explanation for how the ovum makes it into the oviduct?
Cilia
When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably _____.
microtubules
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. -transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA -translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids -removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons -translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids -linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA