Biology Chapter 5
How are bacteria and mods used to make cheese?
The bacteria help separate teh solic, white curd fromt eh watery whey of milk. After this separation, most types of cheese are placed in a cool location to age. The distinct texture, color, and flavor of some cheeses (e.g., Camembert cheese, Brie cheese and blue cheeses like Roquefort cheese) come from cheese molds, which are allowed to grow on the cheese as it ages.
How are the reproductive structures of symnosperms different from those of angiosperms?
Angiosperms reproduce by seeds formed in flowers, whereas gymnosperms produce seeds that are protected by cones or conelike structures and do not form flowers of fruits.
Compare the life cycle of ferns and mosses.
Answers should include some of the following ideas: *Both ferns and mosses exhibit alternation of generations, with a sporophyte that reproduces asexually by producing spores and a gametophyte that reproduces sexually by producing sperm cells and egg cells. *In ferns, the sporophyte and gametophyte are two completely separate plants. The familiar mature fern plants are the sporophytes, whereas the gametophytes are tiny prothalli. Each gametophyte (prothallus) produces both male and female reproductive cells. *In mosses, the sporophyte is attached to the "mother" gametophyte and is completelly dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition. The familiar moss plants are the gametophytes. Male and female reproductive cells are produced by separate gametophytes.
In a paragraph, explain why algae are very imnportant to life on Earth.
Answers will vary. Algae are the major producers of food in aquatic environments and are part of the plankton that provide food for larger organisms.
What evidence suggests that cycads and ginkgoes were once more widespread than they are now?
Fossil remains show that many varieties or cycads and ginkgoes once lived that are not found today.
Why have other kingdoms and domains been proposed?
More species have been discovered that are not easily classified as plants or animals.
How do yeasts make bread rise?
Some of the starch in the dough is converted into sugar, and the yeast ferments this sugar. The fermentation process produces bubbles of carbon dioxide, which become trapped within the dough. These bubbles rasie the dough and make it light and porous.
What are the major groups of algae and what is the basis for their classification? Give an example from each group.
The major groups are green algae, yellow algae, brown algae, red algae, dinoflagellates, and sometimes blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Algae are usually classified according to color. The following examples are given in the text; others are also acceptable: *green algae-chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Protococcus, desmids, volvox, Ulothrix, spirogyra *yellow algae-diatoms *brown algae-kelps, rockweeds, gulfweeds (Sargassum) *red algae-Irish moss, dulse, nori *dinoflagellates-red tide *blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)-anabaena
Write a brief overview of plant classification.
There are two types of plants -- vascular and nonvascular. Vascular plants are further divided into seed plants and nonseed plants. Seed plants are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Why are the leaflike and stemlike structures of mosses not considered true leaves or stems?
They lack vascular tissue.
What characteristics do all club fungi have in common?
They produce spores in microscopic club-shaped structures called basidia.
Why are blue-green algae classified as bacteria?
Unlike other algae and true plants, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes.
What are the two parts of an organism's scientific name?
genus, species
Identify the seven main categories of the classification system.
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
What are the seven main categories of the classification system, from most general to most specific?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
