Biology-Chapter 5: Bones

Explain why bone remodeling is important, give its steps

In homeostasis, it plays a major role in maintaining the proper balance of calcium in the blood. Steps: Calcium is deposited when osteoblasts form bone, and it is withdrawn when "bone breaker" cells called osteoclasts break down the matrix of the bone tissue.

How does a tendon differ from a ligament ?

Ligaments = connect bones at joint Tendons= cords or straps that attach muscles to bones or to other muscles

The _____ and ____ systems work together to move the body and specific body parts.

Skeletal, Muscular

Mineralization of bone tissue requires _____. a. calcium ions b. osteoclasts c. elastin d. all of the above

a. calcium ions

____ is a type of connective tissue; ____ form(s) in it. a. An osteon; collagen b. Bone Marrow; blood cells c. Bone; an osteocyte d. A sinus; bone marrow

b. Bone Marrow; Blood cells

Describe how bone first develops

An early embryo has a rubbery skeleton that consists of cartilage and membranes(a cartilage model) --> After 2 months in the womb it transforms to a bony skeleton.

Name the two main divisions of the skeleton

Appendicular and Axial Skeletons

The axial skeleton consists of the ____, while the appendicular skeleton consists of the ____.

Axial: Skull, rib-cage, and vertebral column Appendicular: Pectoral & Pelvic Girdles and bone extremities

What is a joint?

Connects one bone to another

What are intervertebral disks and what is their function?

Definition: Pad of fibrocartilage between vertebrae. Function: Serve as shock absorbers and flex points

Match the terms and definitions _____ bone _____ collagen _____ synovial fluid _____ osteocyte _____ marrow _____ metacarpals _____ mandible _____ sinuses a. spaces in the certain skull bones b. all in the hands c. blood cell production d. a fibrous protein e. a mature blood cell f. lubrication g. mineralized connective tissue h. the lower jaw

g d f e c b h a

Describe the basic elements of bone tissue

osteoblasts= (inner layer) secretes collagen, and some elastin + some carbs and proteins, hardens when salts of calcium are deposited. osteocytes= bone forming cell after the matrix around it has become mineralized and the cell stops forming bone matrix osteoclasts= breaks down the matrix of the bone tissue

What is the defining feature of a synovial joint?

synovial joint: Joint in which a fluid filled cavity separates the linked bones. (Most common)

The hollow center of an osteon (Haversian system) provides a space for what vital part of compact bone tissue? a. marrow b. collagen fibers c. a blood vessel d. osteocytes

c. blood vessel

Bone remodeling has all of the following functions except _____. a. helps maintain homeostasis in blood level of calcium b. replaces "old" bone with fresh bone tissue c. exchanges collagen with elastin fibers for flexibility d. strengthens bones subjected to mechanical issues

c. exchanges collagen with elastin fibers for flexibility

What are the two types of bone tissue, and how are they different?

compact bone= denser, forms in slender, circular layers spongy bone= lacy, more open bone tissue. occurs in the bone shaft.

Ligaments are important components of the skeletal system because they _____.

connect bones at joints

Bone tissue contains _____. a. living cells b. collagen fibers c. calcium and phosphorus d. all of these e. both a and b

d. all of these

______ are shock pads and flex points. a. vertebrae b. cervical bones c.lumbar bones d.intervertebral disks

d. intervertebral disks