Biology Chapter 5

summarize the process of photosynthesis

1. Water and carbon enter the chloroplast. 2. When the sun hits the leaf, the chlorophyll absorbs the energy. 3. Then a chemical reaction occurs where the water and carbon dioxide change into sugar and oxygen. 4. The light energy is stored in the sugar.

NADPH

An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis. Light drives electrons from chlorophyll to NADP+, forming NADPH, which provides the high-energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar in the Calvin cycle.

Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis

During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water (the reactants) into glucose and oxygen (the products).

What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose?

G3P

Describe how and where photosynthesis takes place within a plant

In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane and contain a third inner membrane, called the thylakoid membrane, that forms long folds within the organelle.

Explain how plants absorb energy from sunlight

Most plants contain a special colored chemical or pigment called chlorophyll that is used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is what absorbs the sun's energy and turns it into chemical energy. Not all the light energy from the sun is absorbed. ... It's the green light reflecting that makes some leaves look green!

explain the relevance of photosynthesis to other living things

Photosynthesis is important to living organisms because it is the number one source of oxygen in the atmosphere. Without photosynthesis, the carbon cycle could not occur, oxygen-requiring life would not survive and plants would die. ... Without photosynthesis there would be little to no oxygen on the planet.

Explain how photosynthesis works in the energy cycle of all living organisms

Photosynthesis takes the energy of sunlight and combines water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar and oxygen as a waste product. The reactions of respiration take sugar and consume oxygen to break it down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? -Thylakoids are assembled into stacks. -Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes. -The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma. -Thylakoids contain chlorophyll.

Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes

thylakoid

a disc-shaped membranous structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place using chlorophyll embedded in the membranes

photosystem

a group of proteins, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy

pigment

a molecule that is capable of absorbing light energy

granum

a stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast

autotroph

an organism capable of producing its own food

heterotroph

an organism that consumes other organisms for food

NADP+

carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

From where does a heterotroph directly obtain its energy?

eating other organisms

What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis?

energize an electron

What two products result from photosynthesis?

glucose and oxygen

Which color(s) of light does chlorophyll a reflect?

green

Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?

splitting water molecules

Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place?

stroma

Describe the main structures involved in photosynthesis

takes place primarily in plant leaves: Chloroplast, mesophyll, stomata, chlorophyll, pigment, thylakoid, granum, stroma

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation?

the conversion of CO2 to an organic compound

light-dependent reaction

the first stage of photosynthesis where visible light is absorbed to form two energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH)

stroma

the fluid-filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis take place

chlorophyll

the green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis

mesophyll

the middle layer of cells in a leaf

stoma

the opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment; plural: stomata

chloroplast

the organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Define carbon fixation

the process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds

electromagnetic spectrum

the range of all possible frequencies of radiation

Describe the Calvin cycle

the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

calvin cycle

the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules