Biology chapter 6

41. If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly, what could happen? A. Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. B. Red blood cells would increase in concentration. C. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would increase. D. The blood pressure of the individuals would increase. E. Fluid would accumulate in the body.

A. Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood.

55. In which of the following scenarios would hemolytic disease of the newborn be a possibility? A. Mom is Rh-negative and dad is Rh-positive. B. Both mom and dad are Rh-negative. C. Both mom and dad are Rh-positive. D. Mom is Rh-positive and dad is Rh-negative. E. Mom is blood type O and dad is blood type B.

A. Mom is Rh-negative and dad is Rh-positive.

52. Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type of blood could he receive in a transfusion? A. O negative only B. A positive, A negative, B positive, and B negative C. A positive and B positive D. AB positive only E. AB negative only

A. O negative only

51. Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is A. O. B. A. C. B. D. AB.

A. O.

49. Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be A. Rh-negative. B. Rh-positive. C. a carrier for anemia. D. blood type A. E. blood type O.

A. Rh-negative.

29. B lymphocytes are associated with A. antibody production. B. megakaryocyte breakdown. C. macrophage production. D. antigen production. E. allergic reactions.

A. antibody production

25. Both red blood cells and white blood cells A. are derived from the same original stem cell. B. have a nucleus. C. have hemoglobin. D. have mitochondria and other organelles. E. can carry carbon dioxide in the blood.

A. are derived from the same original stem cell

45. The final reaction in blood clotting is A. fibrinogen → fibrin. B. platelets → prothrombin activator. C. prothrombin → thrombin. D. plasmin → fibrin. E. fibrin → thrombin.

A. fibrinogen → fibrin.

4. If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved? A. fibrinogens B. gamma globulins C. alpha globulins D. albumins E. beta globulins

A. fibrinogens

19. If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? A. heme B. globin chains C. carbonic acid D. carbon dioxide E. biocarbonate ion

A. heme

46. Coagulation contributes to homeostasis by A. keeping the blood within the vessels. B. regulating body temperature. C. destroying pathogens. D. removing debris from the blood. E. maintaining the pH of the blood.

A. keeping the blood within the vessels.

33. Which term refers to uncontrolled growth of white blood cells? A. leukemia B. infectious mononucleosis C. thrombocytopenia D. hemophilia E. thromboembolism

A. leukemia

36. Mark suffers from nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow. This is called A. thrombocytopenia. B. thromboembolism. C. hemophilia. D. prothrombin disease. E. sickle-cell anemia.

A. thrombocytopenia.

13. Mature human red blood cells A. have a nucleus. B. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. C. are rare in the bloodstream. D. carry plasma. E. fight pathogens.

B. are biconcave discs without a nucleus.

31. Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to A. produce antibodies. B. destroy pathogens. C. increase erythrocyte production. D. stimulate thrombin. E. produce platelets.

B. destroy pathogens.

12. What makes blood red? A. albumin B. hemoglobin C. fibrinogen D. globulins E. platelets

B. hemoglobin

60. How does the muscular system benefit the blood? A. protects the vessels B. keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels C. regulates the acid-base balance of the blood D. maintains blood volume E. produces the blood cells

B. keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels

26. Which of the following are agranular leukocytes? A. neutrophils and basophils B. lymphocytes and monocytes C. eosinophils and monocytes D. monocytes and neutrophils E. neutrophils and lymphocytes

B. lymphocytes and monocytes

34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of infectious mononucleosis? A. It is caused by an Epstein-Barr virus. B. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. C. There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation. D. Active EBV can be passed in saliva. E. The virus remains within a person's body for the rest of his or her life.

C. There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation.

5. Jennifer received a gamma globulin shot after being exposed to hepatitis. The gamma globulins served what function? A. blood clotting agents B. transport molecules for cholesterol and iron C. antibodies D. osmoregulatory molecules E. transport molecules for glucose

C. antibodies

18. After hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide, it is known as A. oxyhemoglobin. B. beta hemoglobin. C. carbaminohemoglobin. D. alpha hemoglobin. E. deoxyhemoglobin.

C. carbaminohemoglobin.

24. The production of leukocytes is regulated by A. rennin. B. erythropoietin. C. colony-stimulating factor. D. folic acid. E. prolactin.

C. colony-stimulating factor.

27. In someone with terrible allergies, what leukocyte levels would be elevated? A. neutrophil, eosinophil B. monocyte, megakaryocyte C. eosinophil, basophil D. lymphocyte, monocyte E. megakaryocyte, basophil

C. eosinophil, basophil

20. What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells? A. carbonic anhydrase B. prolactin C. erythropoietin D. adrenaline E. lipase

C. erythropoietin

7. Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells? A. RBCs B. WBCs C. platelets D. albumins E. globulins

C. platelets

63. Which of the following is not a role the skeletal system plays in helping the cardiovascular system? A. protects the heart B. protects the brain C. regulates the contraction of the heart D. stores calcium for blood clotting E. assists muscles in movement of blood in veins

C. regulates the contraction of the heart

39. After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called A. thrombin. B. fibrinogen. C. serum. D. lymph. E. plasma.

C. serum.

21. A test for metal toxicity looks at the amount of metal present in the red blood cell membrane. How long ago could metal poisoning have occurred and still be found in the cell membrane? A. a few days B. a week C. a month D. 3 months E. 6 months

D. 3 months

17. What percentage of carbon dioxide carried in blood is dissolved in plasma? A. 0% B. 1% C. 5% D. 7% E. 10%

D. 7%

50. Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain A. A and Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. B. A but no Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. C. B but no Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. D. B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. E. B and Rh antigens, and no antibodies.

D. B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies

32. Robby could not produce the enzyme adenosine deaminase. As a result, he suffered from A. mononucleosis. B. cystic fibrosis. C. sickle-cell anemia. D. SCID. E. Graves'disease.

D. SCID.

3. What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma? A. fibrinogens B. gamma globulins C. astrocytes D. albumins E. hemoglobin

D. albumins

22. If a person does not have enough iron in the diet, he or she may suffer from A. acidosis. B. blood doping. C. hemolysis. D. anemia. E. jaundice.

D. anemia.

8. RBCs are better known as _____ and WBCs are better known as _____. A. lymphocytes; monocytes B. erythrocytes; eosinophils C. leukocytes; erythrocytes D. erythrocytes; leukocytes E. macrophages; neutrophils

D. erythrocytes; leukocytes

2. The two major components of blood are A. red blood cells and white blood cells. B. plasma and serum. C. plasma and red blood cells. D. formed elements and plasma. E. platelets and plasma.

D. formed elements and plasma.

16. Which part of the hemoglobin molecule actually binds the oxygen molecule? Which part binds carbon dioxide? A. globin chain; globin chain B. heme; heme C. globin chain; heme D. heme; globin chain E. cell membrane; cell wall

D. heme; globin chain

28. Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into A. megakaryocytes. B. neutrophils. C. globulins. D. macrophages. E. fibrinogens.

D. macrophages.

44. The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of A. leukocytes. B. erythrocytes. C. albumins. D. platelets. E. globulins.

D. platelets.

1. Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. transport B. defense C. regulation D. pumping E. carry oxygen

D. pumping

9. What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood? A. megakaryocytes B. macrophages C. reticulocytes D. stem cells E. erythroblasts

D. stem cells

14. How many globin chains are found in hemoglobin? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4

E. 4

58. What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common? A. A and B antigens B. A antigens and Rh antigens, anti-B antibodies C. anti-B antibodies and Rh antigens D. A antigens, anti-B antibodies E. A antigens

E. A antigens

61. Which body system does not dump some product into the blood? A. the urinary system B. the muscular system C. the digestive system D. the respiratory system E. All body systems dump wastes into the blood.

E. All body systems dump wastes into the blood.

48. Agglutination refers to the A. production of antibodies. B. destruction of red blood cells. C. development of platelets. D. production of lymphocytes. E. clumping of red blood cells.

E. clumping of red blood cells.

53. A person with O negative blood has what antigens on his or her red blood cells? A. A only B. B only C. A and Rh D. B and Rh E. none

E. none

59. With respect to antigens and antibodies, what do type O negative and type AB positive blood have in common? A. A and B antigens, no antibodies B. A antigens, anti-B antibodies C. B antigens, no antibodies D. no antibodies E. nothing

E. nothing

15. Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry? A. less than 10 B. one hundred C. one thousand D. one million E. one billion

E. one billion

6. Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma? A. dissolved O2 B. glucose C. urea D. albumin E. red blood cells

E. red blood cells

43. The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is A. vitamin B. B. vitamin D. C. vitamin A. D. vitamin E. E. vitamin K.

E. vitamin K.

37. Blood clotting requires six clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. True/False

FALSE Blood clotting requires 13 clotting factors along with calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels.

38. Blood clotting requires 12 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements leave the blood vessels. True/False

FALSE Blood clotting requires 13 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels.

57. The ABO antigens and Rh antigens are the only blood groups considered before a transfusion. True/False

FALSE There are other blood group incompatibly possibilities, so before blood can be safely transfused, it is necessary to physically combine donor blood with recipient blood on a glass slide and check for agglutination.

30. White blood cells are like red blood cells in that they only live for a matter of days. True/False

FALSE Some white blood cells may only live for a few days but others can live for months or even years.

11. Blood plays an important role in homeostasis. True/False

TRUE Blood is involved in the regulation of many important functions, including body temperature, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance.

47. Hemophilia is a genetic clotting disorder. True/False

TRUE Hemophilia, which results in a deficiency in a clotting factor, is inherited and is therefore a genetic disorder.

23. Red blood cells are unable to undergo mitosis. True/False

TRUE Red blood cells do not have a nucleus so they cannot undergo mitosis.

54. A person will have antibodies against any blood antigens different from his or her own, regardless of whether he or she has had a transfusion or not. True/False

TRUE The antibodies against blood antigens develop whether or not a person ever has a transfusion.

64. Hormones produced by the endocrine system regulate blood volume and blood cell formation. True/False

TRUE The endocrine system assists the cardiovascular system by producing hormones that regulate blood volume and blood cell formation.

62. Excess tissue fluid becomes lymphatic fluid that eventually enters the blood stream. True/False

TRUE The lymphatic system helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess tissue fluid and returning it to the blood.

56. If mom has already developed anti-Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy, a RhoGAM shot will not help her second pregnancy. True/False

TRUE The purpose of a RhoGAM shot is to prevent the formation of anti-Rh antibodies. If they are already formed, the shot will not help.

10. The most abundant component of plasma is water. True/False

TRUE Water makes up about 91% of plasma.

35. List the five types of white blood cells and their functions.

1. Neutrophils: phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris. 2. Eosinophils: use granular contents to digest large pathogens, such as worms, and reduce inflammation. 3. Basophils: promote blood flow to injured tissues and the inflammatory response. 4. Lymphocytes: responsible for specific immunity. B cells produce antibodies; T cells destroy cancer and virus- infected cells. 5. Monocytes: become macrophages that phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris.

40. List the steps involved in the formation of a blood clot. When a blood vessel is punctured

1. Platelets will congregate and form a plug. 2. Platelets and damaged tissue release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions. 3. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin. 4. Thrombin severs two amino acid chains from fibrinogen. 5. The activated fragments form the fibrin thread. 6. Fibrin winds around the platelet plug providing a framework for the clot. 7. Blood vessel repair starts; plasmin destroys the fibrin network so new cells can grow.

42. List and describe the functions of blood in the human body.

1. Transport: blood acquires oxygen in the lungs and distributes it to the tissue cells. It picks up carbon dioxide from the cells and transports it to the lungs. It picks up nutrients from the digestive system and distributes them to the cells. 2. Defense: various blood cell types are capable of defending the body by attacking and destroying invading pathogens. 3. Regulation: blood helps regulate body temperature by picking up heat and transporting it around the body. Plasma contains formed elements that create an osmotic pressure which keeps the liquid content of the blood high.