Biology EOC Final Exam
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Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 74)
a
Which of the following energy pyramids shows the correct placement of trophic levels? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 96)
a
Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 5) - How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane? - a. Active transport b. Passive transport c. Facilitated diffusion d. Co-transport
a. Active transport
When Streptococcus pneumonia are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumonia to pump the antibiotic out of their cells? - a. Active transport b. Diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. Osmosis
a. Active transport
The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? - a. All cells contain a nucleus. b. All cells come from other living cells. c. All living organisms are made of one or more cells. d. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
a. All cells contain a nucleus.
Which process do the animals in the food wed use to convert energy from food into ATP? - a. Cellular respiration b. Osmosis c. Photosynthesis d. Transcription
a. Cellular respiration
The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that: - a. Ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium. b. Recycling programs have failed to conserve biotic resources. c. Natural processes can alter ecosystem stability. d. Direct harvesting practices have led to irreversible destruction of ecosystems.
a. Ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.
A food chain is illustrated below: - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 89) - The arrows represented as (squiggly arrow) most likely indicate... - a. Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat. b. Oxygen released from metabolism produced by cellular respiration. c. The absorption of energy from the environment that has been created. c. The transport of glucose away from the organism through photosynthesis.
a. Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat.
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. - Proteases are which of the following types of molecules? - a. Enzyme b. Fatty acid c. Carbohydrate d. Nucleic acids
a. Enzyme
The diagram to the right illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 65) - a. Enzyme b. Inorganic compound c. Hormone d. Antibody
a. Enzyme
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? - a. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature. b. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia. c. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. d. There is no connection between the two statements.
a. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true? - a. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate. b. Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate. c. Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate. d. Growth rate is exponential.
a. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
A food web is shown to the right. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 95) - Which of the following organisms compete for the mouse as a food source? - a. Hawk and snake. b. Snake and kinglet. c. Oak tree and pine tree. d. Pine borer and salamander.
a. Hawk and snake.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes? - a. Increases surface area in order to produce more proteins. b. Decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins. c. Increases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy. d. Decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy.
a. Increases surface area in order to produce more proteins.
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. - Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 34) - a. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period b. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds. c. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds. d. Infection in creek-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.
a. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period
Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat if meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected? - a. It would break down the meat more slowly. b. It would disintegrate the meat. c. It would break down the meat more quickly. d. It would change the shape of the meat.
a. It would break down the meat more slowly.
Which macromolecule is not labeled on the cell membrane above? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTIONS 51-53) - a. Nucleotide b. Lipid c. Protein d. Carbohydrate
a. Nucleotide
When fertilizers run off farmland into steams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water? - a. Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms. b. The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms. c. The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations. d. The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.
a. Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.
Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromothymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromothymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed into the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The Yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color? - a. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. b. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis. c. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration. d. Oxygen was removed by respiration.
a. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis.
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following? - a. Polymers of smaller subunits b. Sequence of sugars c. Lipids of large molecules d. Nucleotides of DNA
a. Polymers of smaller subunits
The diagram to the right shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 94) - The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system? - a. Producers b. Consumers c. Decomposers d. Inorganic nutrients
a. Producers
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to. - a. Reduce the use of nonrenewable resources. b. Increase the rate of air pollution. c. Reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms. d. Cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.
a. Reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? - a. Ribosome - protein synthesis b. Mitochondrion - movement c. Vacuole - cell division d. Nucleus - storage of nutrients
a. Ribosome - protein synthesis
A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty Four hours later the following results were obtained. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 36-37) - What is the independent variable in this experiment? - a. Solution A, B & C. b. Solution D only. c. The eggs. d. Mass
a. Solution A, B & C.
Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram below. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 110) - These changes will most likely lead to a: - a. Stable ecosystem that can last for many years. b. Loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered. c. Long-term rise in environmental temperatures. d. Forest consisting of only producers and decomposers.
a. Stable ecosystem that can last for many years.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy? - a. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration. b. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power Photosynthesis. c. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation. d. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
a. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens? - a. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together. b. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet. c. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface. d. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next.
a. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together.
Angel was trying to explain carrying capacity to her mother. Which of the following descriptions is accurate? Carrying capacity is: - a. The maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can sustain. b. The ability of an environment to accommodate a growing population. c. The greatest number of individuals that an area can sustain over the long term. d. The maximum number of species that can co-exist in an area.
a. The maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can sustain.
The graph to the right shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. - Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 64) - a. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6. b. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8. c. The enzyme's activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0. d. The enzyme's activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0.
a. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
An animal population decreases from 800 individuals to 600 individuals. Which of the following could explain this change in population size? - a. The population size of the animal's predator increased. b. The emigration rate of the animals from the population decreased. c. The number of breeding pairs in the animal's population increased. d. The number of species competing with the animal for food decreased.
a. The population size of the animal's predator increased.
Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 16) - a. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell. b. Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell. c. Salt will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell. d. Salt will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
a. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ___________ and the saltwater is ____________ to the cells of the carrot sticks. - a. hypotonic, hypertonic b. hypotonic, hypotonic c. hypertonic, hypertonic d. hypertonic, hypotonic
a. hypotonic, hypertonic
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightligter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? - a. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. b. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells. c. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing. d. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
a/As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
The diagram to the right represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins? (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 11) - a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
b. 2
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? - a. A group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring. b. A chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule. c. A set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol. d. A sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone.
b. A chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule.
Genetic engineering has both positive and negative outcomes. One of the most common areas where genetic engineering is used is in agriculture. If farmers plant more genetically modified crops, which of the following negative outcomes could occur? - a. An increase in the use of pesticides. b. A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops. c. An increase in the contamination of the water. d. A decrease in crop productivity.
b. A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops.
On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. - Which of the following MOST likely describes the birthrate and the death rate for this population? - a. Birthrate and death rate are both zero b. Birthrate and death rate are close to equal. c. Birthrate is significantly less than death rate. d. Birthrate is significantly greater than death rate.
b. Birthrate and death rate are close to equal.
The diagram to the right shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. - Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 71) - a. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis. b. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis. c. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration. d. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
b. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cells: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells? - a. Cell 2 had a cell membrane and Cell 1 did not. b. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not. c. Cell 2 had a chloroplast and Cell 1 did not. d. Cell 1 had a nucleus and Cell 2 did not.
b. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.
. Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. ∙ Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment ∙ Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell ∙ Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes? - a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Cell membrane c. Cell wall d. Nucleus
b. Cell membrane
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference? - a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Mitochondrion d. Nucleus
b. Cell wall
Which of the following structure is where photosynthesis occurs in the cell to the right? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 81) - a. Nucleus b. Chloroplast c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Chloroplast
Leaves fall from deciduous trees in autumn. The carbon in these leaves is returned to the atmosphere through which of the following processes? - a. Condensation b. Decomposition c. Photosynthesis d. Transpiration
b. Decomposition
Jenn is studying a population of fish found in a pond that has a decreasing carrying capacity. Which of the following factors would NOT decrease the carrying capacity of her fish? - a. Drought b. Flooding c. Food shortages d. A freeze
b. Flooding
Part of a desert food web is diagrammed below. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 97) - Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem? - a. Prairie rattlesnakes will become herbivores. b. Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease. c. Sagebrush grasshoppers will consume soil bacteria. d. Silk grass and sand sagebrush population will decrease.
b. Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease.
The diagram to the right shows part of the carbon cycle. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 125) - If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest? - a. Increase in the rates of decomposition. b. Increase in the rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide. c. Decrease combustion of fossil fuel. d. Increase production of organic compounds.
b. Increase in the rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Look at the cell membrane model to the right: What is the name of the macromolecule that makes the majority of the cell membrane? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 24) - a. Nucleotide b. Lipid c. Carbohydrate d. Protein
b. Lipid
Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTIONS 51-53) - a. Nucleotide b. Lipid c. Protein d. Carbohydrate
b. Lipid
Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram to the right? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 129) - a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase
b. Metaphase
The pea weevil is a type of insect. The table to the right shows the average time it takes for pea weevil eggs to hatch at different temperatures. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 108) - Based on the data, which of the following conditions would promote the highest population growth rate in pea weevils? - a. Cold springs with temperatures from 11°C to 16°C. b. Moderate summers with temperatures from 25°C to 27°C. c. Heat waves in which the temperature is sustained well above 28°C. d. Overnight frosts after which the temperature warms from 0°C to 11°C.
b. Moderate summers with temperatures from 25°C to 27°C.
Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a clean alternative to fossil fuels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources: - a. Will usually favor older methods of energy production over newer methods. b. Must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits. c. Must be made by taking into account the present needs of the citizens without looking toward the future. d. Should be the responsibility of each individual.
b. Must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? - a. Only species Y is aerobic. b. Only species Y is anaerobic. c. Both species X and Y are aerobic. d. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
b. Only species Y is anaerobic.
After a volcano erupts and destroys and ecosystem, a few organisms are able to begin growing from the decaying organic matter left behind. What do we call those organisms that are able to grow in little or no soil that first appear? - a. Adaptors b. Pioneer species c. Non-vascular plants d. Decomposers
b. Pioneer species
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent? - a. Purity b. Polarity and cohesion c. High heat capacity d. Expansion upon freezing
b. Polarity and cohesion
The diagram to the right shows a monomer of a macromolecule. - Which type of molecule contains these monomers? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 59) - a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Nucleic acid d. Lipid
b. Proteins
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called ___________________. - a. Perforated b. Semi-permeable c. Non-conductive d. Permeable
b. Semi-permeable
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as: - a. Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information. b. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes. c. Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions. d. Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes.
b. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes.
Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell and a coyote cell. What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms? - a. The corn cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage. b. The coyote cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage. c. The coyote cells' have a small vacuole size because it is not in contact with toxins that need to be removed from the cell. d. The corn cells' have a large vacuole size because it is in contact with many toxins in the soil which need to be removed from the cell.
b. The coyote cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage.
After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood-fluke infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that: - a. The influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term. b. The influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts. c. Human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster. d. Human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources.
b. The influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts.
Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using your knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells? - a. The muscle cell would have larger centrioles than the other types of animal cells. b. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells. c. The muscle cell would have a larger Golgi apparatus than other types of animal cells. d. The muscle cell would have more endoplasmic reticulum than the other types of animal cells.
b. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells.
Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic? - a. The organism's color and mass b. The organism's internal structures. c. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular d. The methods the organism uses to feed and move
b. The organism's internal structures.
A plant and animal are both living things. According to Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms? - a. Plants have cells but animals do not. b. They are both made of one or more cells. c. They both come from the same kind of cell. d. They both come from a non-living organism.
b. They are both made of one or more cells.
A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown to the right. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 127) - Scientists are investigating the cause of the large increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about 1800. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the increase? - a. Eruptions of large volcanoes. b. Use of fossil fuels by humans. c. Natural fluctuations of climate. d. Photosynthesis by phytoplankton.
b. Use of fossil fuels by humans.
One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environment is to: - a. Generate waste products as a result of technological advances. b. Use resources that are renewable. c. Increase planting large areas of one crop. d. Increase the use of pesticides.
b. Use resources that are renewable.
What function does ATP carry out in living things? - a. Aids in protein folding and coiling. b. Used to capture and transfer energy. c. Identifies DNA start sequences for transcription. d. Helps maintain the fluidity of cell membrane.
b. Used to capture and transfer energy.
A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown to the right. - The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 72) - a. 1 - water, 2 - nitrogen b. 1 - nitrogen, 2 - oxygen c. 1 - oxygen, 2 - carbon dioxide d. 1 - carbon dioxide, 2 - water
c. 1 - oxygen, 2 - carbon dioxide
Which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 48) - a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
c. 3
Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Eukaryotic 4. Prokaryotic - a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 4 c. 3 only d. 4 only
c. 3 only
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person's pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person's pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. - Which component is missing from Carmen's experiment? - a. A question b. A hypothesis c. A control group d. A description of the experiment
c. A control group
If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be: - a. An increase in the kinds of autotrophs b. A decrease in the number of abiotic factors c. A decrease in stability among populations d. An increase in the rate of succession
c. A decrease in stability among populations
You have been studying population growth of a species of Paramecium, a single celled organism for 18 days. Your data is shown in the graph to the right. Food was occasionally added to the test tube in which the paramecia were grown. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 104) - According to the diagram, what is the carrying capacity of the test-tube environment as long as food is added? - a. About 10 paramecia b. About 50 paramecia c. About 65 paramecia d. About 100 paramecia
c. About 65 paramecia
Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much ATP as glycolysis alone? - a. Photosynthesis b. Lactic acid fermentation c. Aerobic respiration d. Alcoholic fermentation
c. Aerobic respiration
What is the building block of structure G? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTIONS 51-53) - a. Nucleotide b. Chains of fatty acids c. Amino acids d. Monosaccharides
c. Amino acids
Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of their role in the food web would be: - a. An herbivore b. A carnivore c. An omnivore d. A primary producer
c. An omnivore
Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis? - a. Water and glucose. b. Glucose and carbon dioxide. c. Carbon dioxide and water. d. Oxygen and water.
c. Carbon dioxide and water.
The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? - a. All living things are made of cells. b. All cells come from other preexisting cells. c. Cells form through spontaneous generation. d. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
c. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color? - a. Specific heat b. Surface tension c. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules. d. Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
c. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules.
Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell to the right? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 84) - a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Mitochondria d. Vacuoles
c. Mitochondria
Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell? - a. Packaging proteins for export from the cell. b. Distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm. c. Moving substances against a concentration gradient. d. Equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell.
c. Moving substances against a concentration gradient.
Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumonia? - a. Carbohydrate b. Fatty acid c. Nucleic acid d. Protein
c. Nucleic acid
Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. He then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period. - Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations? - a. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light. b. Water evaporates from plants faster under the most intense light. c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light. d. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light.
c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.
Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would: - a. Increase the mutation rate in plants. b. Cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects. c. Reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems. d. Decrease the space and resources available to other organisms.
c. Reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems.
The diagram below shows how an area progresses over time after a forest fire. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 111) - What process is illustrated by the diagram in boxes 4-8 after the forest fire? - a. Pioneer speciation b. Primary succession c. Secondary succession d. Ecosystem boundaries
c. Secondary succession
What is the function of the macromolecule subunit on the right? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 58) - a. Energy b. Catalyst c. Stores genetic information. d. Composes the majority of the cell membrane.
c. Stores genetic information.
What is the advantage of cells being so small? - a. Small cells contain a greater quantity of enzymes than large cells. b. Small cells do not require energy and get everything they need from osmosis. c. The cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently. d. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
c. The cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur? - a. The cell would produce more proteins than it needs. b. The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green. c. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm. d. The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.
c. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.
A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours. - a. The number of protein molecules has increased. b. The number of water molecules has decreased. c. The number of water molecules has increased. d. The percentage of water has decreased.
c. The number of water molecules has increased.
A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time? - a. The plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind. b. The plant will die because it does not have oxygen for photosynthesis. c. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. d. The plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water.
c. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
The common brush tail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand? - a. The possums became extinct. b. The possums developed shorter life spans. c. The possum population grew to a larger size. d. The possum population evolved into a different species.
c. The possum population grew to a larger size.
Which statements represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself? - a. The Sun provides the needed energy. b. Energy is transferred from plants to animals. c. There are more consumers than producers. d. There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
c. There are more consumers than producers.
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer? - a. Absence of cyclins in the DNA. b. Multiple gene mutations on a chromosomes of DNA. c. Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle. d. Presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders.
c. Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.
An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 35) - Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes? - a. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. b. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. c. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. d. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.
c. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? - a. Water expands as it freezes. b. Water is an excellent solvent. c. Water exhibits cohesive behavior. d. Water is able to moderate temperature.
c. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? - a. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction. b. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product. c. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction. d. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
c. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell? - a. A prokaryotic animal cell b. A prokaryotic plant cell c. A eukaryotic animal cell d. A eukaryotic plant cell
d. A eukaryotic plant cell
Competition between two species occurs when: - a. Mold grows on a tree that has fallen in the forest. b. Chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a garden. c. A crow feeds on the remains of a rabbit killed on the road. d. A lion stalks, kills and eats an antelope.
d. A lion stalks, kills and eats an antelope.
Which of these best completes this concept map? (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 13) - a. An animal cell b. A prokaryotic cell c. A virus d. A plant cell
d. A plant cell
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus? - a. Bacteria b. Plants only c. Animals only d. Both plant and animal cells
d. Both plant and animal cells
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis? - a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Carbon dioxide
d. Carbon dioxide
Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 9) - a. A b. B c. C d. D
d. D
Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 14) - a. Simple osmosis b. Active transport c. Simple diffusion d. Facilitate diffusion
d. Facilitate diffusion
Rice, the most popular food crop in the world, can be successfully grown only in certain places, if trends in climate change continue, the areas in which rice currently grows will be significantly reduced. Which of the following is the best way that biotechnology can keep the harvest of rice from decreasing? - a. Identifying new areas with soil fertile enough for rice production. b. Developing clean energy sources to reduce carbon dioxide production worldwide. c. Seeing clouds with dry ice to produce more rainfall where it is needed. d. Genetically engineering rice crops that are tolerant to change in the environment.
d. Genetically engineering rice crops that are tolerant to change in the environment.
In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood. - a. Have no unfavorable effect as long as the water was sterile b. Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because there would be too much fluid for the heart to pump. c. Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to shrivel. d. Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst.
d. Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst.
Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph? - a. It creates different types of food. b. It makes food through photosynthesis. c. It makes food through chemosynthesis. d. It obtains nutrients from its environment.
d. It obtains nutrients from its environment.
One way humans can promote the survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to: - a. Decrease diversity in plant habitats. b. Introduce new consumers to control autotrophs. c. Release extra CO2 into the atmosphere to help autotrophs. d. Learn about the interactions of a population.
d. Learn about the interactions of a population.
If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged? - a. Flower b. Root c. Stem d. Leaves
d. Leaves
Many plants have waxy coating on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule? - a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Nucleic acid d. Lipid
d. Lipid
A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below: - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 23) - a. acridine orange b. osmium tetroxide c. eosin d. Nile blue
d. Nile blue
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? - a. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. b. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while Photosynthesis uses oxygen. c. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. d. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
d. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
The water cycle would NOT occur if which of the following were missing? - a. Bacteria b. Autotrophs c. Carbon dioxide d. Solar energy
d. Solar energy
A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty Four hours later the following results were obtained. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 36-37) - The data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment? - a. Solution A b. Solution B c. Solution C d. Solution D
d. Solution D
Mullet are estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant mater. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph to the right shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 107) - Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population? - a. Mullet prey increased in the area. b. Mullet parasites decreased in the area. c. The temperature of the area increased. d. The amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased.
d. The amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased.
Part of a marsh food web is shown to the right. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 98) - Which of the following statements correctly describes organisms in this food web? - a. The birds are producers. b. The algae are consumers. c. The worms are carnivores. d. The bacteria are decomposers.
d. The bacteria are decomposers.
A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram to the right. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 91) - Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem? - a. The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. b. The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish. c. The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae. d. The catfish population helps control the population of water boatman and water fleas.
d. The catfish population helps control the population of water boatman and water fleas.
DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers form existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. - This information shows that: - a. DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer. b. It takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier. c. Precipitation helps to break down pesticides. d. The decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
d. The decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70° C or higher. At the temperature of 50° C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected? - a. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes. b. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. c. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70° C. d. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would be 70° C.
d. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would be 70° C.
A Biologist compares how different ecosystems undergo succession. She divides the series of events that happen during primary and secondary succession into three different stages. Which feature might be used to distinguish secondary succession from primary succession? - a. The lack of pioneer species in the second stage. b. The presence of pioneer species in the final stage. c. The presence of trees and large plants in the final stage. d. The presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage.
d. The presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage.
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? - a. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. b. Enzymes change reactions from solid to liquids during the reactions. c. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing. d. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
d. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? - a. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. b. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. c. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. - (VIEW IMAGE: QUESTION 93) - Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem? - a. There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels. b. There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to higher trophic levels. c. There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have. d. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.
d. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.
Which characteristics do most plants have in common? - a. They are unicellular b. They are prokaryotic c. They produce seeds d. They are autotrophic
d. They are autotrophic
Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature? - a. Water is a good solvent. structure. b. Water exhibits strong cohesion. c. Water has an unusual crystalline d. Water has a high capacity for heat.
d. Water has a high capacity for heat.
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - a. lysosome b. mitochondrion c. nucleus d. ribosome
d. ribosome