Biology Exam 3
A lemur with genotype GgRrSSttAa mates with a lemur of genotype GgrrSSTtAa. Assuming each of these genes occurs on a different chromosome, match each offspring genotype below with the probability of its outcome. GGRRSSTtAa
0
Bt gene is extracted from Bacillus
1
A lemur with genotype GgRrSSttAa mates with a lemur of genotype GgrrSSTtAa. Assuming each of these genes occurs on a different chromosome, match each offspring genotype below with the probability of its outcome GgRrSSttAa
1/16
A lemur with genotype GgRrSSttAa mates with a lemur of genotype GgrrSSTtAa. Assuming each of these genes occurs on a different chromosome, match each offspring genotype below with the probability of its outcome GgRrSSttAA
1/32
A lemur with genotype GgRrSSttAa mates with a lemur of genotype GgrrSSTtAa. Assuming each of these genes occurs on a different chromosome, match each offspring genotype below with the probability of its outcome. ggrrSSTtaa
1/64
A tobacco plant is heterozygous for the genes for long stems (Ss ), large leaves (Ll ), and fibrous roots (Rr ). It is crossed with another tobacco plant with genotype ss ll rr. How many of the 80 offspring of this mating are predicted to be heterozygous for all three genes? These genes are not linked.
10
Individuals have _____ chromosomes in haploid cells.
12
Bt gene is inserted into bacterial plasmid
2
When two haploid gametes combine, a zygote with _____ chromosomes forms.
24
Bacterium injects plasmid into plant cells
3
5' - GTACGTGTATGT - 3'
3' - CATGCACATACA - 5'
Plasmid becomes incorporated into plant DNA
4
Suppose errors in meiosis produced diploid gametes in two individuals that then mated. After fertilization, each offspring from this mating would have _____ chromosomes in its somatic cells.
48
Plant RNA polymerase transcribes Bt gene
5
plant ribosomes translate mRNA from Bt gene
6
16
A cell that has four pairs of chromosomes is undergoing meiosis. What is the number of possible chromosome combinations in the gametes produced by that cell? (Ignore the effects of crossing over.)
Molecular machinery cuts a sequence of target DNA
CRISPR-Cas9
1/8
Consider a cell that has three pairs of chromosomes. What fraction of the gametes produced from this cell will contain only chromosomes inherited from the mother? Hint: See pink chromosomes in figure 9.9.
How are diploid cells, homologous chromosomes, and alleles related?
Diploid cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes, which carry the same genes as one another but not necessarily the same alleles.
Select the correct statement about the relationship between chromosomes, alleles, and proteins.
Each chromosome has one allele for each of its genes. That allele may confer a functional or nonfunctional protein.
How are gametes, chromosomes, and zygotes related?
Gametes unite, forming zygotes with two sets of chromosomes
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the death of immune system cells called ______, and over many years, HIV can lead to a disease called ______ in which the immune system is deficient.
Helper T cells; AIDS
Assume that a recessive allele (f ) is associated with a severe language disorder. An unaffected male wants to determine the genotypes of his wife, his parents, and himself. His mother has the language disorder. Neither he nor his wife has the language disorder, but one of their five children does. What is the genotype for each individual? Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
Mother: ff Father: FF or Ff Wife: Ff Himself: Ff
arrange the steps for DNA profiling in order from first to last amplify DNA with PCR Determine the number of STR repeats at a site in both homologous chromosomes Obtain DNA from a sample such as blood or hair roots Compare DNA profile to sample of interests, such as potential family member or suspect Generate DNA profile listing genotypes for all STR sites
Obtain DNA from a sample such as blood or hair roots amplify DNA with PCR Determine the number of STR repeats at a site in both homologous chromosomes Generate DNA profile listing genotypes for all STR sites Compare DNA profile to sample of interests, such as potential family member or suspect
Human females have two X chromosomes in each cell. Which of the following is true of these chromosomes?
One of the chromosomes is inactivated. The process is random and results in cells that have either the mother's or father's X chromosome active.
metaphase I
Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in _______ of meiosis
Sequences of a few nucleotides that vary in number of repeats and are used in DNA profiling are called
STRs
What is similar between the lysogenic cycle of a bacterial virus and the HIV infection cycle?
The viral genome is integrated into the host chromosome
smallest to largest genetic elements options: chromosome adenine gene plasmid and genome
adenine, gene, plasmid, chromosome, genome
Organisms with the exact same DNA as each other
clones
Technique used to separate pieces of DNA produced during DNA sequencing
electrophoresis
cell about to undergo meiosis
four copies of each gene
Technique that uses viruses to deliver "healthy" DNA into cells that have defective genes
gene therapy
What describes meiosis II in humans?
haploid to haploid
Centromeres divide in
mitosis and meiosis II
specialized cells
number of divisions is limited differentiated, in most cases
gamete cell
one copy of each gene
Piece of DNA used to detect complementary pieces of DNA
probe
Technique for producing cloned animals
somatic cell nuclear transfer
Gene therapy
supplements faulty gene uses viruses
genetic testing
tests for genetic sequences in developed individuals uses DNA probes
PGD
tests for genetic sequences in embryos uses DNA probes
Organisms that contain their own DNA and DNA from a different species
transgenic organisms
cell that has completed meiosis I but has not entered meiosis II
two copies of each gene, both from the same parent
newly formed zygote
two copies of each gene, one from each parent
stem cells
undifferentiated more common early in development than late in development totipotent
