biology exam
What is generally true about essential elements and living organisms?
Although all forms of life require iron, other elements are required only by certain species.
What is the role of van der Waals interactions in biological molecules?
Although they are weak bonds, van der Waals interactions help to reinforce the three-dimensional shapes of large molecules.
Which of the following domains is prokaryotic?
Archaea
The scala naturae, or scale of nature, is based on the ideas of __________.
Aristotle
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
Cilia
cytoskeleton
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
The modern idea of extinction as a common occurrence in Earth's history was first proposed in the early-19th-century writings of __________.
Cuvier
Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
Dolphins and sharks have a similar streamlined body shape.
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?
Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
How would you respond to this reasoning? Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas; therefore, gases containing oxygen—such as ozone, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide—are not greenhouse gases either.
False. Compounds can have emergent properties that are very different from those of the elements that form them.
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions?
Golgi apparatus
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.
Golgi apparatus - Vesicles carrying proteins from the rough ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered.
Which of the following is an example of the process of evolution?
Herbivory
At which point in a study is a scientific investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?
In establishing a test of a hypothesis
Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four?
Mitochondrial outer membrane -The mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system and must synthesize their own lipids.
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?
Motor proteins
Which of the following subatomic particles has appreciable mass but no charge?
Neutron
What insight did Darwin gain from reading Thomas Malthus's essay on human suffering?
Organisms have the capacity to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
What is the appropriate term for an interbreeding group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area?
Population
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?
Ribosomes
Pharmaceutical researchers are often interested in blocking particular receptor proteins on cell surfaces. What chemical property of a molecule would be most important for this type of application?
The molecule's shape
Which statement describes a reversible reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium?
The rate of the reverse reaction equals the rate of the forward reaction.
Which of the following statements best describes when properties emerge?
The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Which statement is true about chemical reactions?
They involve the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
In an ecosystem, nutrients __________ and energy __________.
are recycled; flows through
The breeding of plants and animals for particular traits by humans is called __________.
artificial selection
Ionic bonds form as a result of __________.
attraction between ions that have opposite charges
Which of the following has negligible mass?
electron
The number of protons in an uncharged atom __________.
equals the number of electrons
At the time Darwin voyaged on HMS Beagle, the popularly accepted theory in Western culture that explained the origin of Earth's plants and animals held that the various species __________.
had been created by divine intervention a few thousand years before
On an evolutionary tree, __________.
homologous characteristics form a nested pattern
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.
in bacterial cells - the ribosomes in the mitochondria are smaller than those found free in the cytoplasm or bound to endoplasmic reticulum in the eukaryotes.
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum - All of the membrane proteins of the endomembrane systems are made in the rough ER.
When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule __________.
is an ion
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
plasmodesmata
The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) __________.
population
Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism
strongly influenced Darwin's view of how living organisms could change over time
A hydrogen bond __________.
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
