Biology Fall Exam
The temperate grasslands biome includes regions of several continents. What do all of the regions have in common?
the same seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation
Please list the following terms of organization from the smallest to the largest (1 being the smallest or most specific to 6 being the largest or most broad)
1 Species 2 Population 3 Community 4 Ecosystem 5 Biome 6 Biosphere
How many G3P's (or PGAL's) need to combine to make one glucose?
2
Dr. Osgood and her team are using a computer simulation to study the relationships between predator and prey. The simulation assumes that both predator and prey populations are minimally affected by other animals. The results of one version of the simulation are shown in the graph. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The data in the graph MOST STRONGLY support which explanation about thepredator-prey relationship of the model?
A decreasing prey population acts to limit the size of the predator population.
Scientists have observed the exponential growth of lionfish in the Caribbean Sea. Which of these predictions about the future of the lionfish population is the most likely to occur?
A limiting factor will cause the growth of the lionfish population to slow down, forming a pattern of logistic growth.
A team of scientists visits an island in the Caribbean Sea. They find a diverse community of turtles, lizards, birds, and a variety of trees, shrubs, and grasses. No humans live on the island. Several years later, the scientists return to the island. They find a much smaller community, with reduced populations of all of the species they had identified earlier. Some of the animals now appear to be absent from the island. Which is the most likely explanation for the changes that the scientists observed?
A natural disaster, such as a hurricane, struck the island.
Which statement describes all primary producers?
All take in energy to assemble energy-rich compounds.
A rabbit population is affected by parasitism and disease, both of which are density-dependent limiting factors. Which statement describes the effects of parasitism and disease on the rabbits?
As the density of the rabbit population increases, parasites and disease weaken or kill a greater percentage of rabbits.
All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?
Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.
A population of mountain lions lives in an alpine forest. The mountain lions hunt deer, rabbits, and other prey. As the population increases, which of these events becomes more likely to occur?
Competition for territory and other resources acts to slow the growth rate of the population
Which of the following BEST describes the flow of energy through a food chain?
Energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in one direction only.
Yasmine is asked to describe the structural organization of chloroplasts. She writes the followingsentence: "A chloroplast contains thylakoid stacks, called stroma, that are surrounded by fluid-filled grana." Which change to the sentence is necessary to make the sentence accurate?
Exchange the positions of "stroma" and "grana."
As protons move through ATP synthase, they become ATP
False
Climate is a biotic factor that affects an ecosystem
False
Environmental factors are either distinctly abiotic or biotic, and are never a combination of the two
False
If something has all of the characteristics of life, except that it can't evolve, it is still living
False
K-species generally have low parental care.
False
K-species generally have shorter lifespans
False
Mr. Bredeweg has been training his cats to enter a long jump competition. He has collected initial jump distances at the beginning of their training, and then he has collected data on their jump distances every 2 days after that in order to track their progress. This is an example of qualitative data.
False
The light independent reaction occurs in ALL eukaryotes.
False
Which is NOT a step in the scientific method?
Form a theory
Gibbons are small apes that live in the trees of southeast Asia. A scientist predicts that at the current rate of deforestation in southeast Asia, the region's carrying capacity for gibbons will decrease by 10 percent every year. The scientist's prediction provides the strongest support for which of these conclusions?
Gibbons will eventually become extinct in the wild.
Michael's grandmother is taking part in an experiment to determine how well a new headache medication works. In this experiment, the people in Group A are taking the new medication. The people in Group B, including Michael's grandmother, are taking a pill that does not contain the new medication.
Group B is the control group.
From what molecule do plants make O2 from?
H2O
Which of the following is the BEST example of a K-species?
Human
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which event must occur for ATPsynthase to function properly?
Hydrogen ions must pass through a channel within ATP synthase.
The diagram shows an example of ecological succession. What can be inferred about the mature forest shown in the diagram?
It is the climax community that is the last community of the succession process.
What BEST describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?
Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars.
In the eighteenth century, the population of sea otters decreased significantly along the California coast. Scientists cite the hunting of sea otters by humans as the cause of this decrease. Today, the population of invasive lionfish is growing rapidly in the Caribbean Sea. However, scientists argue that human hunting or harvesting of lionfish will not affect the population. Which comparison of sea otters and lionfish is most useful for explaining the potential impact of human hunting on their populations?
Lionfish have a much higher birthrate.
In all of our cells there is a blueprint of life called DNA. Which characteristic does this fact best describe?
Living Things are based on a universal genetic code
Cells in your body divide to create new cells. Which characteristic of life does this best refer to?
Living things are composed of one or more cells
Lake Tefillin is a large freshwater lake that is popular for recreation. One year, the managers of the lake introduce a population of rainbow trout to the lake. The graph shows the growth of the population over several years. 24. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.Which best describes the growth pattern of the rainbow trout?
Logistic growth, because the effect of limiting factors increases with the population size
Juanita is studying the food web of the open ocean. Which step would be most useful for her to follow to identify the primary producers of the food web?
Look for tiny phytoplankton that float on the ocean surface.
Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Which statement BEST describes how matter moves within and between ecosystems?
Matter cycles through food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
Match the following functions with their organelles provides support and protection for plant cells membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA small, membrane-bound organelle uses to move materials between organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins assembles proteins storage organelle (plants have a very large one) produces ATP
Mitochondria produces ATP Nucleus membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins Ribosome assembles proteins Vacuole storage organelle (plants have a very large one) Cell wall provides support and protection for plant cells Vesicle small, membrane-bound organelle uses to move materials between organelles
The graph shows the changing populations of wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park. Wolves are predators, and moose are their prey. Which of the following pairs of populations is most likely to increase and decrease in a similar pattern to the wolves and moose?
Moose and balsam fir, which are the favorite food plants of moose
Cattle egrets eating insects off the back of elephants is an example of what type of relationship?
Mutualism
Hydrosphere does NOT include:
Ocean Floor
In a science experiment, equal-sized populations of two species of earthworms are placed in a terrarium filled with soil. Abiotic factors such as temperature and water supply are kept constant in the terrarium, as is food in the form of bread scraps. The population of each species is observed and counted each day. In agreement with the competitive exclusion principle, what is the most likely outcome of the experiment over time?
Only one population will thrive; the other population will decrease to zero.
The first 3-carbon molecule created in the Calvin cycle is called:
PGA
A Flea feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of what type of relationship
Parasitism
A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist used a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork?
Robert Hooke
What is the name of the 5-carbon chain that G3P is turned into at the end of the Calvin cycle?
RuBP
What is the name of the enzyme that "fixes" carbon dioxide to a 5-carbon molecule in the Calvin cycle
Rubisco
Scientists have classified the sea otter as a keystone species in communities along the Pacific coast of North America. This classification depends on which property of the sea otters?
Sea otters act to maintain a wide variety of other populations in the community.
Thomas is describing an example of secondary succession. Which of the following events is most useful for him to include?
Small plants and animals return to the land after a forest fire.
Murray is observing a bacterial colony that is growing in agar in a Petri dish. Agar is processed seaweed. Murray calculates that the population doubles in size every 32 hours.Which conclusion is supported by Murray's observations?
The agar and air in the Petri dish are providing all of the resources needed by the bacteria.
Bamboo is a type of grass. In the wild, pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively. For this reason, the availability of bamboo is a significant limiting factor on the panda population.Which statement BEST describes how pandas could become extinct in the wild?
The bamboo population decreases so low that the carrying capacity for pandas becomes zero.
Kari is testing the hypothesis that plants rely on photosynthesis to grow. She conducts an experiment in which she observes the sprouting and growth of bean seeds. The beans are raised either in sunlight or darkness. She records her observations in a data table.Which statements from Kari's records convey qualitative data, and not quantitative data? Choose all that apply.
The beans in the control group have a white spot on day 2. The beans of both groups appear equally green and healthy on day 1. The beans in the control group feel soft on day 2.
Horatio is studying an abandoned farm in his community. The land of the farm once supported fields of corn, beans, and spinach, as well as pastures for cattle and sheep. Today, the farmland is covered in a variety of grasses, shrubs, and small trees, and is home to rabbits, gophers, and other small animals. The evidence most strongly supports which of the following conclusions?
The farmland is undergoing secondary succession, which may or may not restore the original climax community.
In a forest ecosystem, a variety of predators compete with one another for the same prey. The predators include wolves, coyotes, foxes, and hawks. Their prey include deer, rabbits, mice, and the chickens that live outdoors on nearby farms and backyards.
The hawk population increases to a new carrying capacity that is determined by one or more limiting factors, such as the availability of food.
In a forest ecosystem, a variety of predators compete with one another for the same prey. The predators include wolves, coyotes, foxes, and hawks. Their prey include deer, rabbits, mice, and the chickens that live outdoors on nearby farms and backyards. Suppose that human activities, such as hunting, drastically reduce the populations of the wolves, coyotes, and foxes. Which statement best explains a likely change to the hawk population?
The hawk population increases to a new carrying capacity that is determined by one or more limiting factors, such as the availability of food.
What type of cell transport is modeled?
The model illustrates active transport because energy is required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane.
Multicellular organisms contain organ systems (they have multiple organ systems). Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.
Demographers developed a hypothesis to explain the changes to the populations of countries over time. This hypothesis describes a demographic transition, in which countries change from a combination of high birthrates and high death rates to low birthrates and low death rates. The changes of the demographic transition are summarized in the graph. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.Which of these events is most likely to occur during Stage II of the demographic transition?
The population increases significantly, due mainly to a decrease in death rate.
Alligators are predators that live in the Florida Everglades. A scientist is using a computer model to determine whether the alligator is a keystone species in the Everglades. The graph shows the population of alligators in one of the computer simulations. The simulation also provides data for many other Everglades species. Which of these results would provide the strongest evidence that the alligator is a keystone species?
The populations of many species increase and decrease in a similar pattern as the alligator.
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Why are the changes shown in the diagram classified as primary succession, and not secondary succession?
The process begins with pioneer species growing on bare rock.
A scientist concludes that a population of bison has reached the carrying capacity of the prairie where it lives. The birthrate and death rate of the bison population are equal to each other. What can be concluded about the rates of immigration and emigration?
The rates of immigration and emigration are equal to each other.
A hurricane blows across a Caribbean island. The storm flattens trees, and it drowns or washes away a large number of plants and animals. As a result of the storm, the carrying capacity of the island is temporarily reduced for many of the island species.How is the storm classified as a limiting factor?
The storm is a density-independent limiting factor, because population size and density do not alter the storm's effect.
Walleyes and northern pike are both species of fish that live in freshwater lakes. Many lakes maintain large, healthy populations of both of these fish species year after year. Which statement about walleyes and northern pike is most useful in explaining how they are able to live together in the same habitat?
The two species are adapted to eat different types of food.
A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?
There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.
What BEST describes the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in the process ofphotosynthesis?
They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.
Carla claims that a strain of rose bushes is resilient to temperatures as low as 5°C. Which statement about rose bushes of this strain can be inferred from Carla's claim?
They grow better at higher temperatures, but can survive at 5°C.
A scientific theory can be revised or replaced.
True
R-species generally have shorter-life spans
True
The type of vegetation is a biotic factor that affects the types of organisms in a particular environment.
True
Which of the following questions is outside the realm of science
What is the influence of the supernatural on current events
The graphs show the age structure for each of three countries. The horizontal bars show the percentages of the population in each age group, by gender. Note that for Country 1, about 20 percent of the population is between the ages of 0 and 4. This is the greatest percentage of any 4-year age span in all three countries. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which conclusion about Country 1 does its age structure support?
Young children have a higher death rate in Country 1 than in the other countries
Barbara is studying the process of ecological succession in a temperate forest ecosystem. Her goal is to construct an explanation based on evidence. Observations of which of the following locations is most likely to provide useful evidence for Barbara to cite?
a healthy temperate forest ecosystem a few years after a wildfire
During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6?
a product that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds
Which property distinguishes pioneer species from those that arrive later in ecological succession?
ability to grow on hard, barren rock
Endocytosis is a type of
active transport
The electron transport chain uses what type of transport?
active transport
which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
active transport
An expert in demography is asked to predict changes to the population size of a small country.Which data about the country would be most useful for the expert to analyze? Select three answers.
age structure percentages of males and females birthrate and death rate
Aquaporins
allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion.
membrane phospholipids
are able to drift about in the plasma membrane
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
are plant cells
Ecology includes studying ecosystems at different levels. Which is the largest or broadest level?
biosphere
In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will
burst open
A scientist was looking at the impact of a lion pride on a neighboring zebra herd. The level of organization specifically covered in his research is:
community
Testing hypotheses often involves designing experiments. Which of the following is the factor that is observed and measured in an experiment?
dependent variable
which of the following statements about diffusion is false
diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to
drinking
A heron is affected by many factors in its environment. What distinguishes the biotic factors from the abiotic factors?
living or nonliving
Autotrophs can be classified into two groups according to which of these properties?
energy source, either sunlight or chemicals
Daniel is developing a model of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known asthe Calvin cycle. How should the model show how carbon compounds enter and exit the cycle?
enter as carbon dioxide, exit as 3-carbon molecules
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
environmental extremes, such as a hurricane or drought, are examples
Which of the following statements describes density-independent limiting factors?
environmental extremes, such as a hurricane or drought, are examples
The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
eukaryotes
After her run, Aisha felt thirsty. Thirst was her body's way of telling her she needed more water to maintain
homeostasis
Xavier is describing the role of electron carriers, such as NADP+, in photosynthesis. Whichproperty of NADP+ should Xavier cite?
its ability to accept and release high-energy electrons and a proton
The area INSIDE the thylakoid is called the:
lumen
Where is there the highest concentration protons?
lumen
Jane Goodall spent years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. Sitting quietly for hours, she watched the animals closely and took notes about their behavior.What was Jane Goodall doing?
making observations
Rabbits are members of a community in a meadow. The rabbits eat grasses, clover, as well as roots, seeds, and tree bark. What defines the organisms that share the same trophic level as the rabbits?
meadow animals that eat plants and plant products
Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells?
mitochondria
Termites are able to digest wood because of microbes that live in their gut. The relationship between a termite and the microbes inside it is an example of what type of symbiosis?
mutualism
mammals are heterotrophs, meaning that they have to consume their food and they cannot make it themselves. This is most related to what characteristic of life.
obtains and uses energy
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmosis
The molecules responsible for membrane transport are
proteins
As the sun moves across the sky during the day, Sun flowers also move their heads to follow the sun. Which characteristic of life best describes this:
responding to stimuli
Which organelle produces lipids and is involved in the detoxification of drugs?
smooth ER
What is an important abiotic factor that directly affects the anole lizards that run around HC?
temperature
which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
the central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
Nutria are rodents that are native to South America. They are an invasive species in the southeastern United States, where they have no natural predators. Nutria thrive in freshwater habitats and estuaries, where they eat a wide variety of vegetation. An adult nutria may eat as much as 2 kilograms of food a day. Which additional information would be most useful to an ecologist to evaluate the damage to a wetlands ecosystem due to nutria? Select three answer choices.
the population density of nutria in the wetlands the immigration and emigration rates of nutria in the wetlands the birthrate and death rate of nutria in the wetlands
Brianna is mapping trees in a section of land. She observes that some of the trees are clumped together, some are uniformly separated, and some appear to be spaced randomly. What is she describing?
the population distribution
Where does the dark reaction take place?
the stroma
Where does the light dependent reaction take place?
thylakoid membrane
What is the purpose of the light dependent reaction
to make NADPH and ATP
In the lab, you use a special ballon that is permeable to water, but not sucrose, to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur?
water will leave the balloon
A plant cell in a hypotonic solution
will become turgid because of a inflow of water
A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation
will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.