Biology Fill in the blank Exam Questions

the Greek philosopher ______________ classified organisms as either plants or animals

Aristotle

hershey and chase concluded that ____________ is the hereditary material in viruses

DNA

all scientific names are made up of two words that are often derived from the _________________ language

Latin

the Krebs cycle takes place in the

Mitochondrial Matrix

different forms of a particular gene, which Mendel called factors are now called

alleles

biologists of linnaeus's time classified every living thing as either plant or

animal

nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called

anticodons

salicin is an extract of willow bark and is used in the production of

aspirin

chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are called

autosomes

________________ are the blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins

capillaries

plants absorb _____________ from the air and relase ________ into the air

carbon dioxide, oxygen

the ____________________ system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, food molecules, hormones, and other material to and from the cells of the body

circulatory

a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of protein is called a(n)

codon

conifers produce _________ to protect their seeds

cones

when light enters the eye, it passes through the

cornea

___________ is the worlds most widely used plant fiber

cotton

the name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is

deoxyribose

a plant that has flower partss that occur in multiples of four or five is usually a

dicot

a heritable change in species over time is called

evolution

in humans, the genotype XX results in a(n)

female

any preserved trace of an ancient life form is a(n)

fossil

glucose is split into smaller molecules during a biochemical pathway called

glycolysis

a situation in which both alleles for a trait are expressed in a heterozygous offspring is called

incomplete dominance

the amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the

iris

during fermentation, either ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide or _________________ is formed

lactic acid

________________ host bacteria that fix nitrogen, or convert it to a form that plants can use

legumes

plants such as soybeans, that produce protein rich seeds in long pods are called

legumes

the process called __________ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells

meiosis

the process by which organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited for that environment is called

natural selection

the planting of legumes is useful in crop rotation because they supply ______________ to the soil

nitrogen

scientists today use fossil evidence, anatomical evidence, DNA, and other molecular evidence to model _________, the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms

phylogeny

the likelihood that a specific even will occur is called

probability

the X and Y chromosomes are called the _____________ chromosomes

sex

a(n) ________________trait is one in which males and females can show different phenotypes even when they have the same genotype

sex influenced

closely related species show more _______________ in nucleotide sequences than distantly related species

similarities

microtubules that extend form the poles of a cell to the centromeres during cell division are called

spindle fibers

the science of naming and classifying organisms is called

taxonomy

a __________ is a method for determining the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype

test cross

according to base-pairing rules for DNA, adenine pairs with __________ and guanine pairs with ______________.

thymine/ cytosine

the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of

transcription

blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the

tricuspid valve

of the maximum possible yield of 38 ATP molecules produced by the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, ____________ molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis

two

the nitrogenous base that is found only in RNA is

uracil

the tissues that transport water and minerals within a plant make up the _______________ system

vascular tissue

foods derives from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of plants are often called

vegetables

systolic pressure is cause by the contraction of the hearts

ventricles

one of the first enviromental challenges that early land plants had to overcome was finding a way to conserve ______________

water