biology final exam

In which cell structure is energy extracted from nutrients?

mitochondrion

Which statement best describes a characteristic of the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

It is limited by the habitats available energy and nutrients.

Orcas are endangered whales. Only about 80 individuals remain off the coast of Washington State. Salmon are a source of food for orcas. Some individuals are proposing that four dams in Washington State be removed so that habitat areas for salmon will be increased. Those opposed to the dam removals say that the dams provide low-cost hydroelectric power and positively influence the local economy. This situation is an example of

a decision where beneifits and risks have to be weighed

There are over 2000 kinds of edible insects in the world, and they are becoming an increasingly popular source of protein. One cup of cricket ï¬our contains over 28 grams of protein. The building blocks of the protein in cricket ï¬we are

amino acids

Gene mutations can be caused by many things. These mutations are biologically important because they

can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species

It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells

cannot make enough ATP

Some viruses attack cells by attaching to their outer covering, entering, and taking over their genetic machinery. Viruses are able to invade cells after first attaching to their

cell membrane

The Venus flytrap is a plant that has a unique system by which it traps and breaks down its prey. Unsuspecting insects land on the leaf and touch tiny hairs located on the leaf, triggering the leaf to close around the prey. The substance responsible for breaking down the Venus flytraps prey most likely contains

enzyme molecules

6 Traits are passed from parents to offspring. These traits are determined by

genes, located on chromosomes, found in the nucleus

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

maintain homeostasis

Protein synthesis is accomplished primarily by the interaction of which two cell structures?

nuclei and ribosomes

Organisms that live on land rarely compete for

oxygen

Maintaining a rich variety of genetic material that may lead to discoveries useful to humans can be ensured by

preserving biodiversity

Many bacteria and fungi are important in the environment because they

recycle nutrients, making them available for other organisms

Sexually reproducing organisms pass on genetic information as a

sequence of the bases A, T, C, and G

Two kittens in a litter are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are most directly due to

sexual reproduction

Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

the bodyâs immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

Identical twins were separated at birth and raised by two different families. Years later, one twin was a physically ï¬t member of the cross-country team, and the other twin was overweight with slightly higher-than-normal blood pressure. The differences in these twins could be explained by the fact that

the environment can inï¬uence the expression of genes

Scientists who have examined the fossil record have noted that some species have changed very little over long periods of geologic time. The lack of change in such organisms is most likely because

the environment that they lived in remained the same, and they were well-adapted to it

A genetic change that occurs in a body cell of a mouse will not contribute to the evolution of the species because

the evolution of a species can result from changes in reproductive cells, not body cells

Which list contains only abiotic conditions that might be found in a pond ecosystem?

the temperature of the water, dissolved oxygen in the water, dissolved minerals in the water