Biology Lab Final
Thomas Malthus
Wallace during a high fever remembers an essay by English Economist____________on how Human Populations are held in check by famine, disease and death. Wallace applies this to wild species and realizes that individuals with variations that give them even a slight edge, will survive and reproduce and in time outnumber those without the advantages. What's the name of the English Economist?
Amino Acids
What are the subunits of proteins?
They are the site of protein assembly
What is the function of ribosomes in cells?
Plasmids
What is the nonchromosomal circular unites of DNA found in bacteria?
insects
What transmits the Virus from plant to plant?
Rainbow
What was the name of the Fruit Strain that produces 125,000 pounds of fruit per year per acre?
pSC101
What was the name of the plasmid Stanley Cohen used to confer resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline in E. coli bacteria?
Eco RI
What's the name of the enzyme used to cleave the circular plasmid so a new gene could be added to confer resistance to Kanamycin?
Rosalind Franklin
Which scientist took x-ray pictures of the structure of DNA?
Herbert Boyer & Stanley Cohen
Who were the two biochemists that developed recombinant DNA technology?
Gene
A _____________is a length of DNA containing the instructions to construct a protein.
Genetic Drift
A change in allele frequencies in small populations that appears to occur as a consequence of random chance is ........
Heterozygous
A man with free earlobes (a dominant trait) marries a woman who attached earlobes (a recessive trait). Half of their six children have attached earlobes. We know that this man had to have been _________for this trait.
Hardy-Weinberg Theory of Genetic Equilibrium
A theory in which the process of heredity operating in isolation would not alter the genetic makeup of a population. In this situation the proportions of alleles in a population will stay the same forever.
30,000 to 40,000
About how many human gene were discovered from the Human Genome Project?
1%
About what percent of DNA in a cell encodes for proteins?
Independent Assortment of Alleles
Alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other if they are located on different homologous gene pairs. Mendel referred to this as the Law of _____________.
4 years, It burns up
August 6, 1852 Alfred Russel Wallace after spending ___________years in the Amazon collecting thousands of Specimens is on his way home to England. What happens to his ship?___________
Microevolution
Changes in the composition of the gene pool overtime is termed....
Macroevolution
Changes in the look (phenotype) of a species overtime is termed........
Beagle
Darwin is traveling on a Surveying Ship the _____________. He's studying plankton and wonders why there is so much beauty in the middle of the ocean where nobody can see it.
Fossils
Finally in South America after dining on Armadillo, Darwin finds _____________of extinct giant Armadillos and giant Ground Sloths that are similar to modern types. He wonders if there is a geological relationship between the past and the present species.
Populations Genetics
How genetic principles can be applied to a entire populations.
20
How many different amino acids are used in the proteins of humans?
Incomplete dominance
If a person who has curly hair marries a person who has straight hair, all of their offspring will have the phenotype of wavy hair. This is an example of __________.
Genotype
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother & an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. This student's __________is freckled.
Heterozygous
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. Because the alleles of the pair are different, we would consider the student to be ________for this trait.
Dominant
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. Because the student has freckles, we know that the allele for freckles is ____________ to the allele for no freckles.
100%
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. If this student married a person who was homozygous for the freckled trait, what percentage of their children would have freckles?
50%
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. If this student married a person without freckles, what percent of their children would have freckles?
Phenotype
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. This student's ________is freckled.
50%
Imagine that a student had inherited an allele for freckles (F) from her mother and an allele for no freckles (f) from her father. The student has freckles. When this student produces gametes, what percent of them will have the alleles for no freckles?
Thymine (T)
In DNA, the nucleotide adenine (A) always pairs with ____________.
Homozygous
In humans, the gene for freckling (F) is dominant to the gene for non-freckling (f). If a man has no freckles, he MUST be _______________for this trait.
Toad
In later experiments they introduce genes from a _________Xenopus laevis into bacteria
25%
In rabbits, the allele for black fur is dominant to the allele for brown fur. A homozygous black furred rabbit is bred to a brown one, producing the F1 generation (their offspring). If we bred two F1 generation rabbits, what percentage of the F2 rabbits would be homozygous black?
100%
In rabbits, the allele for black fur is dominant to the allele for brown fur. A homozygous black furred rabbit is bred to a brown one, producing the F1 generation (their offspring). What percentage of the F1 generation would be brown?
75%
In rabbits, the allele for black fur is dominant to the allele for brown fur. A homozygous black furred rabbit is bred to a brown one, producing the F1 generation (their offspring). What percentage of the F2 rabbits would have black fur?
Papaya Ring Spot Virus
In the "How are GMO's Created" video, what virus are they trying to confer resistance to?
25%
In the summer squash, white fruit (W) is dominant over yellow (w) & disk-fruit shape (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped (d). We are going to cross a parent with the genotype WwDd to a parent with the genotype wwdd. What percentage of the offspring would be yellow-fruited and dish-shaped?
Yellow fruit, sphere shaped
In the summer squash, white fruit (W) is dominant over yellow (w) & disk-fruit shape (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped (d). We are going to cross a parent with the genotype WwDd to a parent with the genotype wwdd. What will be the phenotype of the wwdd parent?
White Fruit, Disk Shaped
In the summer squash, white fruit (W) is dominant over yellow (w) and disk-fruit shape (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped (d). We are going to cross a parent with the genotype WwDd to a parent with the genotype wwdd. What will be the phenotype of the WwDd parent?
1973
In what year did the biochemist's report the construction of functional organisms that combined and replicated genetic information from different species?
7 years
Instead of the decades it would have taken to naturally breed viral resistance into the fruit, how many years did it take Genetic Engineering to produce a Viral resistant Papayas with the same good marketable qualities?
Population
It is the __________________that evolves not individuals.
Dominance
Mendel's Law of _________ states that whenever the two alleles of a pair in a given individual differ, only one, the dominant one will be expressed.
Segregation of Alleles
Mendel's Law of ________explains that hen the gametes (egg & sperm) are formed by an individual, only one member of each allele pair is included in a gamete.
Bottleneck effect
Occurs when a population passes through a period in which most of the population is killed by natural disasters, disease, or excessive predator pressure is
Founder Effect
Occurs when a small portion of the population is transplanted to a new geographic locale. Being isolated, the subpopulation becomes genetically different from the parent population.
Wallace's Line
On his own Wallace has arrived as the same conclusions as Darwin. On his travels he also discovers a boundary between Asian species (Monkeys) in the West and Australian species (Tree Kangaroos) in the East. This boundary is called_________________________.
4, Galapagos, 3
September 15, 1835 after __________years traveling, Darwin has made it to the _______________islands. He sees seagoing iguanas, huge tortoises, and identifies___________separate species of mockingbird.
Enzymes
Some proteins act as molecular machines, carrying out the processes of life. We call them ____________.
Gene Pool
The entire genetic content of a population (every allele) is termed......
The Central Dogma of Modern Biology
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is known as ____________.
1
The frequency of the Dominant Allele p plus the frequency of the Recessive Allele q must equal.....p+q=
Sex-linked
The gene for colorblindness is carried on the X chromosome. This is an example of a ___________ trait.
Seasick
The ocean journey is not easy for Darwin because he is often violently sea__________.
Clergyman
1832 Charles Darwin 20 years before Wallace is on an adventure to South America. He is not the Darwin we know today, but at 22 years of age is planning on becoming a ____________________.
Alfred Russel Wallace
1853 Museum of Natural History, London Darwin meets_________________where he explains that he's traveling to the Malay Archipelago on a collecting trip.
8 years and 14,000
1854, Wallace after spending _________years and a ____________mile journey is captivated by butterflies and is noticing that some species are slightly different between islands. Wallace notices that the more similar two species are, the closer they live together.
