Biology Mastering CH 4

1 meter = _____ centimeters. 1,000,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000 100

100

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting? 40x 400x 10x 4x

40x

A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. A second cell, that is 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, has a _____ surface-to-volume ratio when compared to the first cell. 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... greater 600 mm2 ... 1,000 mm3 ... larger 60,000 mm3 ... 1,000,000 mm2 ... smaller 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... smaller

60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... greater

A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is _____ than the surface area of the initial cell. 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... smaller 600 mm2 ... 1,000 mm3 ... larger 60,000 mm3 ... 1,000,000 mm2 ... smaller

60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger

Which of these is TRUE with regard to this animation? Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient. An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane. The cell is not expending energy. The cell does not expend ATP. Potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.

An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. Chromatin Nuclear envelopes Basal bodies Microfilaments Mitochondria

Basal bodies

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. Lysosomes; plasma membranes Cell walls; chloroplasts Central vacuoles; ribosomes Plasma membranes; mitochondria Chloroplasts; central vacuole

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. Flagella Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell walls Fimbriae

Fimbriae

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. Desmosomes Gap (communicating) junctions Tight junctions Keratin fibers Plasmodesmata

Gap (communicating) junctions

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? flagellum ribosomes Golgi apparatus cytoskeleton mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false? In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to occur. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles.

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do? Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer. It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is all that matters. Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop. Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the smallest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.

Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the smallest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? Golgi apparatus. Plasma membrane. Mitochondrion. Chloroplast. Central vacuole.

Mitochondrion

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. Golgi apparatuses Microfilaments Mitochondria Ribosomes Peroxisomes

Ribosomes

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? Working with mRNA to synthesize proteins Separating the cell from its surroundings Storing compounds produced by the cell Converting light energy to chemical energy Storing the genetic information of the cell

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell. The chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell. The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy. The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis.

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common? They all perform similar roles in the cell. All are located in the nucleus of the cell. They are constructed of interrelated membranes. They are all physically connected to each other.

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell. two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell. a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells. two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other.

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. hexoses glycerol nucleotides proteins amino acids

amino acids

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________. an archaean a grasshopper cell a Paramecium a yeast (fungus) cell

an archaean

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water. are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells could be either plant or bacterial cells. are bacterial cells. are animal cells. are plant cells.

are plant cells.

Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio? bacterium ostrich egg human muscle cell human red blood cell

bacterium

Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio? human muscle cell ostrich egg bacterium human red blood cell

bacterium

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria storage of food particles for energy purposes rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? capsule fimbriae cell wall flagella nucleoid region

cell wall

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. flagellum centriole ribosome mitochondrion chromatin

chromatin

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called a lysosome. chromatin. a nucleolus. a ribosome.

chromatin

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called lysosomes. chromosomes. ribosomes. nucleoli.

chromosomes.

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration? intermembrane space cristae mitochondrial DNA matrix

cristae

The structural framework in a cell is the cytoskeleton. endomembrane system. extracellular matrix. plasma membrane. endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

cytoskeleton.

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. gap (communicating) junctions the cytoskeleton tight junctions plasmodesmata desmosomes

desmosomes

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell? peroxisome nucleus microtubules endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum

The plant cell wall is very similar to the animal cell wall. regulates the composition of the cytoplasm. makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy. is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. is found just inside the plasma membrane.

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

If you wished to observe a white blood cell as it engulfed a viral particle, which type of microscope would you choose? confocal microscope transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope light microscope

light microscope

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly? Golgi apparatus ribosome lysosome mitochondrion

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? chloroplast plasmodesma ribosome Golgi apparatus lysosome

lysosome

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lysosomes mitochondria Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

lysosomes

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. a protein DNA a eukaryotic cell mRNA a polypeptide

mRNA

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? ATP DNA mRNA ribosomes Rough ER

mRNA

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of ribosomes and steroid hormones. hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. reproducing undergoing cell division metabolically active dead

metabolically active

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows. Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially tags the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a secretory vesicle. The fluorescent tag likely did not become incorporated into which of the following organelles? microtubules Golgi lysosome rough ER

microtubules

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. microfilaments tonofilaments pili microtubules intermediate filaments

microtubules

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? microtubules chloroplasts plasma membrane peroxisomes microfilaments

microtubules

Where in a cell is ATP made? lysosomes nucleus cytoskeleton mitochondria ribosomes

mitochondria

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes. chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes. mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes. mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.

mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum chromatin mitochondrion nucleolus

mitochondrion

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

nucleoid region

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum peroxisome nucleolus lysosome

nucleolus

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus lysosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

nucleus

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? flagellum mitochondrion peroxisome nucleus centrioles

peroxisome

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. nucleus nuclear envelope lysosome plasma membrane chloroplast

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. plasma membrane nucleoid region ribosome fimbriae cell wall

plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? extracellular matrix nuclear envelope plasma membrane cytoskeleton endomembrane system

plasma membrane

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits? endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope plasma membrane cytoplasm

plasma membrane

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? presence of a plasma membrane presence of a cell wall production of proteins replication of DNA

presence of a cell wall

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? presence of a plasma membrane production of proteins replication of DNA presence of a cell wall

presence of a cell wall

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? protein synthesis DNA storage propulsion protection

protection

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by the Golgi apparatus. ribosomes. mitochondria. the extracellular matrix. the cytoskeleton.

ribosomes.

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? Golgi apparatus lysosomes ribosomes nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell? about ten several million several hundred one

several million

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows. The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles? rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored? centrioles microtubules rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where are lipids made in the cell? Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ribosomes mitochondria

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

The Golgi apparatus stores, modifies, and packages proteins. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown. strings together amino acids to produce proteins. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.

stores, modifies, and packages proteins.

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? plasmodesmata gap (communicating) junctions tight junctions keratin fibers desmosomes (anchoring junctions)

tight junctions

The function of the nucleolus is intracellular digestion. to manufacture polypeptides. to manufacture ribosomal RNA. to store chromatin.

to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

As cell size increases, the ratio of surface area to volume stays the same. surface area increases proportionally more than the volume. volume increases proportionally more than the surface area. volume and surface area decrease.

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.