Biology Midterm
For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need
to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates cohesiveness of water?
water moving up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves
During photosynthesis,________ is oxidized, while________ is reduced.
water; carbon dioxide
How many turns of the Calvin cycle would be required for a plant to make one molecule of glucose?
6
The pH of pure water is________ because________.
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
76 protons and 76 electrons.
A prokaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory?
All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.
Which of the following is an example of the heat capacity of water?
Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
Which of the following is the correct sequence through the endomembrane system for material that is destined to be secreted from the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?
simple diffusion
The products of photosynthesis are
sugar and oxygen
If blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, the cells will
swell
After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.
take up H+
Which of the following is an example of osmosis?
Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.
Why do plants contain other pigments besides chlorophyll?
The additional pigments are able to absorb other light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot.
Why do leaves and vegetables with high concentrations of carotenoids appear yellow or orange?
The carotenoids reflect yellow and orange wavelengths of light.
Which of the following is the best explanation of how the goal of science differs from the goal of technology?
The goal of science is to answer questions and increase knowledge while the goal of technology is to utilize science to find solutions to practical problems.
Connections between adjacent cells in which plasma membrane proteins attach to each other, producing a zipperlike fastening are called
Tight junctions
Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?
Water has high heat capacity.
Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?
a bowl of oatmeal made up of energy-rich macromolecules
A coenzyme is defined as
a non-protein helper that works with an enzyme.
ATP realeases energy when
a phosphate is removed.
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site
Many insects cannot see the color red, and as a result many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). Flower color would be considered a(n)
adaptation
Which of the following property of water explains why a wet glass slide sticks to laboratory counter?
adhesion
Which of the following organisms serve as models in scientific studies according to your book?
all
In which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?
amino acid - protein
Glucose is to a starch molecule as
amino acid to protein
A gene is the code for assembling a sequence of
amino acids
What are the building blocks for proteins?
amino acids
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________.
are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
In C4 plants, chloroplasts are located in
both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
A(n)________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
buffer
Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?
c
Which of the labeled cells of a C3 leaf is known as a bundle sheath cell?
c
The four main categories of organic macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by
dehydration synthesis reactions.
Which of the following are components of a good experimental design?
designed so results will be meaningful
Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by
developing finger-like projections.
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
does not require energy from the cell.
Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?
domain Bacteria
Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because
each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate.
Which of the following levels of organization include the physical environment?
ecosystem
When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?
energy can be changed from one form to another
Identify the organelle - function pairing that is mismatched.
flagella - contain digestive enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components
In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that
function well in a given environment.
In a redox reaction, reduction means________, and oxidation means________.
gain e, loss e
Humans store glucose in the form of
glycogen
The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called
granum
Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II are derived from
h2o
What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?
increase SA for ATP
energy of activation
is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.
Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by
lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
Salmon are born in fresh water but migrate out to marine waters for most of their life. Eventually, they return to the place they were born to spawn. Because migrating between fresh water and saltwater affects the balance of water in their body, salmon have evolved an internal control system called osmoregulation that restores water balance by negative feedback. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
maintaining homeostasis
Which of the following is an accepted explanation for how the world works?
theories
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory
All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.
Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?
Basic solutions more OH- than H+.
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains
C and H
An organic molecule is differentiated from an inorganic molecule by the presence of
C and H.
The three stages of the Calvin cycle reactions are
CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
DNA and RNA differ in that
DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Which of the following statements is correctly matched to the step of the scientific method?
For a research project on test scores, Jayden divides students into two groups: the first group sleeps 8 hours a night, the second group sleeps 6 hours a night (Experimental design)
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
Na2SO2
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
Which kingdom includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Protista
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about extinction?
Scientists are not currently alarmed by the current rate of extinction which is unlikely to rival rates seen during the last 5 mass extinctions.
What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?
cell wall
Which of the following properties of water involve hydrogen bonds?
cohesion, high heat capacity, surface tension, water expands as it freezes
When populations of different types of organisms interact in a given area, they comprise a(n)
community
Sucrose, C12H22O11, is best described as a(n)
compound
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin
Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?
cyanobacteria
Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?
cytoskeleton
Using their lateral line organ, fish can perceive and react to changes in water currents caused by prey and predators. This is an example of
response to the environment.
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
metabolism
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called
metabolism
Cells need buffering agents in order to
minimize the change of their pH
The process of________ leads to organisms that are________ that environment.
natural selection; adapted to
Elements that differ in their________ are known as isotopes.
neutron number
The subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom are the
neutrons and protons.
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?
nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to night-time hours in order to
open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from most complex to simplest?
organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells
The kidney of a dolphin is considered an organ because it is composed of different
organs
What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?
osmosis
The removal of electrons and hydrogen ions from a substrate is called what?
oxidation
Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?
oxygen
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a bacterial cell. This process is called
phagocytosis
Which feature is found in all cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Plant cells are connected to one another by
plasmodesmata
In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon dioxide is one of the
products
The addition of electrons and hydrogen ions to a substrate is called what?
reduction